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Ultrahot Jupiters (UHJs), being the hottest class of exoplanets known, provide a unique laboratory for testing atmospheric interactions with internal planetary magnetic fields at a large range of temperatures. Thermal ionization of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-24 Hayley Beltz , Emily Rauscher

I review the major open science questions in exoplanet atmospheres. These are mainly focused in the areas of understanding atmospheric physics, the atmosphere as a window into other realms of planetary physics, and the atmosphere is a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-09 Jonathan J. Fortney

Storms are emerging as key drivers in shaping hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Trace gas condensation can suppress convection and disrupt the distribution of energy and material in hydrogen atmospheres. On Jupiter, the presence of water has…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-25 Chris Moeckel , Huazhi Ge , Imke de Pater

Due to its proximity to Earth, Jupiter of the Solar System serves as a unique case study for gas-giant exoplanets. In the current study, we perform fits of ab initio, reflective, semi-infinite, homogeneous model atmospheres to 61 phase…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Kevin Heng , Liming Li

The study of exoplanetary atmospheres is one of the most exciting and dynamic frontiers in astronomy. Over the past two decades ongoing surveys have revealed an astonishing diversity in the planetary masses, radii, temperatures, orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Nikku Madhusudhan , Heather Knutson , Jonathan Fortney , Travis Barman

Characterization of exoplanets has matured in recent years, particularly through studies of exoplanetary atmospheres of transiting planets at infra-red wavelenegths. The primary source for such observations has been the Spitzer Space…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Stephen R. Kane , Dawn M. Gelino

Recent Spitzer infrared measurements of hot Jupiter eclipses suggest that eclipse mapping techniques could be used to spatially resolve the day-side photospheric emission of these planets using partial occultations. As a first step in this…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Emily Rauscher , Kristen Menou , Sara Seager , Drake Deming , James Y-K. Cho , Brad Hansen

Clouds are ubiquitous\, -- \,they arise for every solar system planet that possesses an atmosphere and have also been suggested as a leading mechanism for obscuring spectral features in exoplanet observations. As exoplanet observations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-19 James D. Windsor , Tyler D. Robinson , Ravi kumar Kopparapu , David E. Trilling , Joe LLama , Amber Young

Exoplanetary science has reached a historic moment. The James Webb Space Telescope will be capable of probing the atmospheres of rocky planets, and perhaps even search for biologically produced gases. However this is contingent on…

We probe the structure and composition of the atmospheres of 5 hot Jupiter exoplanets using the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) instrument. We use the G141 grism (1.1-1.7 $\mu$m) to study TrES-2b, TrES-4b, and CoRoT-1b in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Sukrit Ranjan , David Charbonneau , Jean-Michel Désert , Nikku Madhusudhan , Drake Deming , Ashlee Wilkins , Avi M. Mandell

In this white paper, we assess the potential for JWST to characterize the atmospheres of super-Earth exoplanets, by simulating a range of transiting spectra with different masses and temperatures. Our results are based on a JWST simulator…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-10 Natasha Batalha , Jason Kalirai , Jonathan Lunine , Mark Clampin , Don Lindler

We provide a brief review of many aspects of the planetary physics of hot Jupiters. Our aim is to cover most of the major areas of current study while providing the reader with additional references for more detailed follow-up. We first…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Jonathan J. Fortney , Rebekah I. Dawson , Thaddeus D. Komacek

Through a simple physical argument we show that the slant optical depth through the atmosphere of a "hot Jupiter" planet is 35-90 times greater than the normal optical depth. This not unexpected result has direct consequences for the method…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Jonathan J. Fortney

To date, the ability for observers to reveal the composition or thermal structure of an exoplanet's atmosphere has rested on two techniques: high-contrast direct imaging and time-series observations of transiting exoplanets. The former is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-30 Kevin B. Stevenson

The discovery of planets orbiting stars other than the Sun has accelerated over the past decade, and this trend will continue as new space- and ground-based observatories employ next-generation instrumentation to search the skies for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-11 Aomawa L. Shields

The majority of stars are now thought to support exoplanets. Many of those exoplanets discovered thus far are categorized as rocky objects with an atmosphere. Most of these objects are however hot due to their short orbital period. Models…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-13 Jonathan Tennyson , Sergei N. Yurchenko

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will revolutionize our understanding of exoplanets with transit spectroscopy of a wide range of mature planets close to their host stars ($<$2 AU) and with coronagraphic imaging and spectroscopy of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-14 Charles A. Beichman , Tom P. Greene

The origin of warm Jupiters (gas giant planets with periods between 10 and 200 days) is an open question in exoplanet formation and evolution. We investigate a particular migration theory in which a warm Jupiter is coupled to a perturbing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-31 Jonathan M. Jackson , Rebekah I. Dawson , Andrew Shannon , Cristobal Petrovich

The high frequency of satellite launches, particularly over the last few years, has been a subject of significant concern, particularly relating to the future of observational astronomy, the stability of low Earth orbits, and environmental…

Popular Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Michael B. Lund

High resolution spectroscopy has opened the way for new, detailed study of exoplanet atmospheres. There is evidence that this technique can be sensitive to the complex, three-dimensional (3D) atmospheric structure of these planets. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-09 Hayley Beltz , Emily Rauscher , Matteo Brogi , Eliza M. -R. Kempton