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Retrieval-augmented generation integrates the capabilities of large language models with relevant information retrieved from an extensive corpus, yet encounters challenges when confronted with real-world noisy data. One recent solution is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kun Zhu , Xiaocheng Feng , Xiyuan Du , Yuxuan Gu , Weijiang Yu , Haotian Wang , Qianglong Chen , Zheng Chu , Jingchang Chen , Bing Qin

Deep language models learning a hierarchical representation proved to be a powerful tool for natural language processing, text mining and information retrieval. However, representations that perform well for retrieval must capture semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Tolgahan Cakaloglu , Xiaowei Xu

Current general-purpose large language models (LLMs) commonly exhibit knowledge hallucination and insufficient domain-specific adaptability in domain-specific tasks, limiting their effectiveness in specialized question answering scenarios.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mengzheng Yang , Yanfei Ren , David Osei Opoku , Ruochang Li , Peng Ren , Chunxiao Xing

We designed a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system to provide large language models with relevant documents for answering domain-specific questions about Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). We extracted over 1,800…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Haojia Sun , Yaqi Wang , Shuting Zhang

Despite the significant progress of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, they often produce factual errors due to their limited internal knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which enhances LLMs with external knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yuanjie Lyu , Zihan Niu , Zheyong Xie , Chao Zhang , Tong Xu , Yang Wang , Enhong Chen

We propose a simple, unsupervised method that injects pragmatic principles in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks such as Dense Passage Retrieval to enhance the utility of retrieved contexts. Our approach first identifies which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Haris Riaz , Ellen Riloff , Mihai Surdeanu

Dense passage retrieval (DPR) is the first step in the retrieval augmented generation (RAG) paradigm for improving the performance of large language models (LLM). DPR fine-tunes pre-trained networks to enhance the alignment of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Benjamin Reichman , Larry Heck

Standard language models generate text by selecting tokens from a fixed, finite, and standalone vocabulary. We introduce a novel method that selects context-aware phrases from a collection of supporting documents. One of the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Bowen Cao , Deng Cai , Leyang Cui , Xuxin Cheng , Wei Bi , Yuexian Zou , Shuming Shi

Retrieval augmented generation has emerged as an effective method to enhance large language model performance. This approach typically relies on an internal retrieval module that uses various indexing mechanisms to manage a static…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Guangxin He , Zonghong Dai , Jiangcheng Zhu , Binqiang Zhao , Qicheng Hu , Chenyue Li , You Peng , Chen Wang , Binhang Yuan

Dialogue systems can benefit from being able to search through a corpus of text to find information relevant to user requests, especially when encountering a request for which no manually curated response is available. The state-of-the-art…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Hui Wan , Siva Sankalp Patel , J. William Murdock , Saloni Potdar , Sachindra Joshi

Retrieval-augmented generation resorts to content retrieved from external sources in order to leverage the performance of large language models in downstream tasks. The excessive volume of retrieved content, the possible dispersion of its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 João Rodrigues , António Branco

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems address complex user requests by decomposing them into subqueries, retrieving potentially relevant documents for each, and then aggregating them to generate an answer. Efficiently selecting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Roxana Petcu , Kenton Murray , Daniel Khashabi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Maarten de Rijke , Dawn Lawrie , Kevin Duh

In the era of large language models, applying techniques such as Retrieval Augmented Generation can better address Open-Domain Question-Answering problems. Due to constraints including model sizes and computing resources, the length of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zhuo Chen , Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Kewei Tu

Retrieval augmented generation mitigates limitations of large language models in factual consistency and knowledge updating by introducing external knowledge. However, practical applications still suffer from semantic misalignment between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Xin Chen , Saili Uday Gadgil , Jiarong Qiu

Pre-trained language models have achieved promising success in code retrieval tasks, where a natural language documentation query is given to find the most relevant existing code snippet. However, existing models focus only on optimizing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Dong Li , Yelong Shen , Ruoming Jin , Yi Mao , Kuan Wang , Weizhu Chen

Knowledge retrieval is one of the major challenges in building a knowledge-grounded dialogue system. A common method is to use a neural retriever with a distributed approximate nearest-neighbor database to quickly find the relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Nhat Tran , Diane Litman

Knowledge graph-grounded dialog generation requires retrieving a dialog-relevant subgraph from the given knowledge base graph and integrating it with the dialog history. Previous works typically represent the graph using an external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jinyoung Park , Minseok Joo , Joo-Kyung Kim , Hyunwoo J. Kim

We introduce AARGH, an end-to-end task-oriented dialog system combining retrieval and generative approaches in a single model, aiming at improving dialog management and lexical diversity of outputs. The model features a new response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Tomáš Nekvinda , Ondřej Dušek

A Comparison of Independent and Joint Fine-tuning Strategies for Retrieval-Augmented Generation Download PDF Neal Gregory Lawton, Alfy Samuel, Anoop Kumar, Daben Liu Published: 20 Aug 2025, Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) is a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Neal Gregory Lawton , Alfy Samuel , Anoop Kumar , Daben Liu

The rapid advancement of conversational search systems revolutionizes how information is accessed by enabling the multi-turn interaction between the user and the system. Existing conversational search systems are usually built with two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Fengran Mo , Yifan Gao , Chuan Meng , Xin Liu , Zhuofeng Wu , Kelong Mao , Zhengyang Wang , Pei Chen , Zheng Li , Xian Li , Bing Yin , Meng Jiang