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This paper's central theme is to prove the existence of an n-algebra whose multiplication cannot be expressed employing any binary operation. Furthermore, to prove if two algebras are not isomorphic, this property does not hold for…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-02-22 H. Ahmed , M. A. A. Ahmed , Sh. K. Said Husain , Witriany Basri

In this work we approach three-dimensional evolution algebras from certain constructions performed on two-dimensional algebras. More precisely, we provide four different constructions producing three-dimensional evolution algebras from…

We classify the four dimensional perfect non-simple evolution algebras over a field having characteristic different from 2 and in which there are roots of orders 2, 3 and 7.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-01-12 Yolanda Cabrera Casado , Muge Kanuni , Mercedes Siles Molina

The problem of classification into symmetry integrable classes is solved for a family of second order nonlinear evolution equations labeled by arbitrary functions. Four nonequivalent symmetry integrable classes are thus obtained and the…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2023-01-04 J. C. Ndogmo

An algebraic structure related to discrete zero curvature equations is established. It is used to give an approach for generating master symmetries of first degree for systems of discrete evolution equations and an answer to why there exist…

solv-int · Physics 2015-06-26 Wen-Xiu Ma , Benno Fuchssteiner

We classify, up to isomorphism and up to equivalence, involutions on graded-division finite-dimensional simple real (associative) algebras, when the grading group is abelian.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Yuri Bahturin , Mikhail Kochetov , Adrián Rodrigo-Escudero

Recently, by A. Elduque and A. Labra a new technique and a type of an evolution algebra are introduced. Several nilpotent evolution algebras defined in terms of bilinear forms and symmetric endomorphisms are constructed. The technique then…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-11-15 B. A. Omirov , U. A. Rozikov , M. V. Velasco

Classification, up to isomorphism, of algebras from a non-empty subset of the variety of $n$- dimensional algebras is presented. It is shown that these algebras have only trivial automorphism and if the basic field is algebraically closed…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-09-11 Ural Bekbaev

Given an evolution algebra associated to a connected finite graph $\Gamma$, we exhibit a free action of the group of symmetries of $\Gamma$ on the set of automorphisms of the algebra. This allows us to explicitly describe this set and we…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-06-16 Mary Luz Rodiño Montoya , Natalia A. Viana Bedoya , Carlos Henao

Hilbert evolution algebras generalize evolution algebras through a framework of Hilbert spaces. In this work we focus on infinite-dimensional Hilbert evolution algebras and their representation through a suitably defined weighted digraph.…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-05-01 Paula Cadavid , Pablo M. Rodriguez , Sebastian J. Vidal

We prove that any evolution equation admitting a potential symmetry can always be reduced to another evolution equation such that the potential symmetry in question maps into the group of its contact symmetries. Based on this fact is out…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2009-01-22 Renat Zhdanov

We classify three dimensional evolution algebras over a field having characteristic different from 2 and in which there are roots of orders 2, 3 and 7.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-02-08 Yolanda Cabrera Casado , Mercedes Siles Molina , M. Victoria Velasco

The main purpose of this paper is to study formal deformations of evolution algebras, determining their existence and classifying them up to equivalence. In addition, we examine degenerations in this setting and provide Hasse diagrams that…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Abdenacer Makhlouf , Andrés Pérez-Rodríguez

For each $n\ge2$ we classify all $n$-dimensional algebras over an arbitrary infinite field which have the property that the $n$-dimensional abelian Lie algebra is their only proper degeneration.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-02-15 N. M. Ivanova , C. A. Pallikaros

The theory of algebras with polynomial identities has developed significantly, with special attention devoted to the classification of varieties according to the asymptotic behavior of their codimension sequences. This sequence is a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-01-26 Wesley Quaresma Cota , Luiz Henrique de Souza Matos , Ana Cristina Vieira

An involution of a real commutative algebra $A$ is a real-linear homomorphism $f : A \rightarrow A$ such that $f^2 = \mathrm{Id}$. We show that there are six involutions of the algebra of bicomplex numbers, contrary to the actual number of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-08-04 Pierre-Olivier Parisé

We introduce \emph{expander evolution algebras} (EEAs), a class of nonassociative algebras defined over an arbitrary field $\K$ in which the underlying undirected loopless graph of the algebra -- in the sense of Kowalski -- is an expander…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-14 Piero Giacomelli

A non-associative algebra over a field $\mathbb{K}$ is a $\mathbb{K}$-vector space $A$ equipped with a bilinear operation \[ {A\times A\to A\colon\; (x,y)\mapsto x\cdot y=xy}. \] The collection of all non-associative algebras over…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-10-20 Tim Van der Linden

Let $S$ be a finite semigroup and let $A$ be a finite dimensional $S$-graded algebra. We investigate the exponential rate of growth of the sequence of graded codimensions $c_n^S(A)$ of $A$, i.e $\lim\limits_{n \rightarrow \infty}…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-05-14 Alexey Gordienko , Geoffrey Janssens , Eric Jespers

An endo-commutative algebra is a nonassociative algebra in which the square mapping preserves multiplication. In this paper, we give a complete classification of 2-dimensional endo-commutative straight algebras of rank one over an arbitrary…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-05-30 Sin-Ei Takahasi , Kiyoshi Shirayanagi , Makoto Tsukada