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The popularity of pretrained language models in natural language processing systems calls for a careful evaluation of such models in down-stream tasks, which have a higher potential for societal impact. The evaluation of such systems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Ioana Baldini , Dennis Wei , Karthikeyan Natesan Ramamurthy , Mikhail Yurochkin , Moninder Singh

Recent developments in large language models (LLMs) have been impressive. However, these models sometimes show inconsistencies and problematic behavior, such as hallucinating facts, generating flawed code, or creating offensive and toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Zhibin Gou , Zhihong Shao , Yeyun Gong , Yelong Shen , Yujiu Yang , Nan Duan , Weizhu Chen

We present two novel unsupervised methods for eliminating toxicity in text. Our first method combines two recent ideas: (1) guidance of the generation process with small style-conditional language models and (2) use of paraphrasing models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-04 David Dale , Anton Voronov , Daryna Dementieva , Varvara Logacheva , Olga Kozlova , Nikita Semenov , Alexander Panchenko

The rapid growth of social media platforms has raised significant concerns regarding online content toxicity. When Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for toxicity detection, two key challenges emerge: 1) the absence of domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yibo Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Can Xu , Yao Liu , Xiang Li

While large neural-based conversational models have become increasingly proficient dialogue agents, recent work has highlighted safety issues with these systems. For example, these systems can be goaded into generating toxic content, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Nicholas Meade , Spandana Gella , Devamanyu Hazarika , Prakhar Gupta , Di Jin , Siva Reddy , Yang Liu , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Target-group detection is the task of detecting which group(s) a piece of content is ``directed at or about''. Applications include targeted marketing, content recommendation, and group-specific content assessment. Key challenges include:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Soumyajit Gupta , Maria De-Arteaga , Matthew Lease

Peer review is crucial for advancing and improving science through constructive criticism. However, toxic feedback can discourage authors and hinder scientific progress. This work explores an important but underexplored area: detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Man Luo , Bradley Peterson , Rafael Gan , Hari Ramalingame , Navya Gangrade , Ariadne Dimarogona , Imon Banerjee , Phillip Howard

Model interpretability in toxicity detection greatly profits from token-level annotations. However, currently such annotations are only available in English. We introduce a dataset annotated for offensive language detection sourced from a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Pia Pachinger , Janis Goldzycher , Anna Maria Planitzer , Wojciech Kusa , Allan Hanbury , Julia Neidhardt

Contrastive explanations for understanding the behavior of black box models has gained a lot of attention recently as they provide potential for recourse. In this paper, we propose a method Contrastive Attributed explanations for Text (CAT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Saneem Chemmengath , Amar Prakash Azad , Ronny Luss , Amit Dhurandhar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for toxicity assessment in online moderation systems, where fairness across demographic groups is essential for equitable treatment. However, LLMs often produce inconsistent toxicity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jing Ren , Bowen Li , Ziqi Xu , Renqiang Luo , Shuo Yu , Xin Ye , Haytham Fayek , Xiaodong Li , Feng Xia

With the rise of online hate speech, automatic detection of Hate Speech, Offensive texts as a natural language processing task is getting popular. However, very little research has been done to detect unintended social bias from these toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Nihar Sahoo , Himanshu Gupta , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

A limited amount of studies investigates the role of model-agnostic adversarial behavior in toxic content classification. As toxicity classifiers predominantly rely on lexical cues, (deliberately) creative and evolving language-use can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Chris Emmery , Ákos Kádár , Grzegorz Chrupała , Walter Daelemans

Hate speech detection refers to the task of detecting hateful content that aims at denigrating an individual or a group based on their religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other characteristics. Due to the different policies of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Paras Sheth , Tharindu Kumarage , Raha Moraffah , Aman Chadha , Huan Liu

Language models (LMs) can reproduce (or amplify) toxic language seen during training, which poses a risk to their practical application. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments to study this phenomenon. We analyze the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Canwen Xu , Zexue He , Zhankui He , Julian McAuley

Today's image generation systems are capable of producing realistic and high-quality images. However, user prompts often contain ambiguities, making it difficult for these systems to interpret users' potential intentions. Consequently,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yuheng Feng , Yangfan He , Yinghui Xia , Tianyu Shi , Jun Wang , Jinsong Yang

Tackling toxic behavior in digital communication continues to be a pressing concern for both academics and industry professionals. While significant research has explored toxicity on platforms like social networks and discussion boards,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Naquee Rizwan , Nayandeep Deb , Sarthak Roy , Vishwajeet Singh Solanki , Kiran Garimella , Animesh Mukherjee

Sarcasm detection is an important task in affective computing, requiring large amounts of labeled data. We introduce reactive supervision, a novel data collection method that utilizes the dynamics of online conversations to overcome the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Boaz Shmueli , Lun-Wei Ku , Soumya Ray

Although automated harmful content detection systems are frequently used to monitor online platforms, moderators and end users frequently cannot understand the logic underlying their predictions. While recent studies have focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Trishita Dhara , Siddhesh Sheth

The advent of social media has given rise to numerous ethical challenges, with hate speech among the most significant concerns. Researchers are attempting to tackle this problem by leveraging hate-speech detection and employing language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Pranath Reddy Kumbam , Sohaib Uddin Syed , Prashanth Thamminedi , Suhas Harish , Ian Perera , Bonnie J. Dorr

The widespread dissemination of toxic content on social media poses a serious threat to both online environments and public discourse, highlighting the urgent need for detoxification methods that effectively remove toxicity while preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jing Yu , Yibo Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Wenming Shao , Bo Pang , Zhao Zhang , Xiang Li