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Ensuring robust and generalizable autonomous driving requires not only broad scenario coverage but also efficient repair of failure cases, particularly those related to challenging and safety-critical scenarios. However, existing scenario…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Xinyu Xia , Xingjun Ma , Yunfeng Hu , Ting Qu , Hong Chen , Xun Gong

Safety-critical scenarios are essential for the development of autonomous vehicles (AVs) but are rare in real-world driving data. While simulation offers a way to generate such scenarios, manually designed test cases lack scalability, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Zimu Gong , Brian Zhaoning Zhang , Chris Zhang , Kelvin Wong , Raquel Urtasun

In order to find the most likely failure scenarios which may occur under certain given operation domain, critical-scenario-based test is supposed as an effective and widely used method, which gives suggestions for designers to improve the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yizhou Xie , Kunpeng Dai , Yong Zhang

Reliable anticipation of traffic accidents is essential for advancing autonomous driving systems. However, this objective is limited by two fundamental challenges: the scarcity of diverse, high-quality training data and the frequent absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Chengyue Wang , Xingcheng Liu , Jiaxun Zhang , Zhenning Li

Autonomous systems, such as self-driving vehicles, quadrupeds, and robot manipulators, are largely enabled by the rapid development of artificial intelligence. However, such systems involve several trustworthy challenges such as safety,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Wenhao Ding

The scenario-based testing of operational vehicle safety presents a set of principal other vehicle (POV) trajectories that seek to force the subject vehicle (SV) into a certain safety-critical situation. Current scenarios are mostly (i)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Linda Capito , Bowen Weng , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill

Training vision models to detect workplace hazards accurately requires realistic images of unsafe conditions that could lead to accidents. However, acquiring such datasets is difficult because capturing accident-triggering scenarios as they…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Sanjay Acharjee , Abir Khan Ratul , Diego Patino , Md Nazmus Sakib

Existing neural network-based autonomous systems are shown to be vulnerable against adversarial attacks, therefore sophisticated evaluation on their robustness is of great importance. However, evaluating the robustness only under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Wenhao Ding , Baiming Chen , Bo Li , Kim Ji Eun , Ding Zhao

A typical scenario-based evaluation framework seeks to characterize a black-box system's safety performance (e.g., failure rate) through repeatedly sampling initialization configurations (scenario sampling) and executing a certain test…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Bowen Weng , Linda Capito , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill

Achieving fully autonomous driving systems requires learning rational decisions in a wide span of scenarios, including safety-critical and out-of-distribution ones. However, such cases are underrepresented in real-world corpus collected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haochen Tian , Tianyu Li , Haochen Liu , Jiazhi Yang , Yihang Qiu , Guang Li , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Hangjun Ye , Tieniu Tan , Long Chen , Hongyang Li

In recent years, the concept of automated machine learning has become very popular. Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) mainly refers to the automated methods for model selection and hyper-parameter optimization of various algorithms such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Sayan Putatunda , Dayananda Ubrangala , Kiran Rama , Ravi Kondapalli

Cyber-physical systems like autonomous vehicles are tested in simulation before deployment, using domain-specific programs for scenario specification. To aid the testing of autonomous vehicles in simulation, we design a natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rimvydas Rubavicius , Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

The manual design of scenarios for Air Traffic Control (ATC) training is a demanding and time-consuming bottleneck that limits the diversity of simulations available to controllers. To address this, we introduce a novel, end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Dewi Sid William Gould , George De Ath , Ben Carvell , Nick Pepper

To test automated driving systems, we present a case study for finding critical scenarios in driving environments guided by formal specifications. To that aim, we devise a framework for critical scenario identification, which we base on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-10 Adam Molin , Edgar A. Aguilar , Dejan Ničković , Mengjia Zhu , Alberto Bemporad , Hasan Esen

Deep learning models for autonomous driving, encompassing perception, planning, and control, depend on vast datasets to achieve their high performance. However, their generalization often suffers due to domain-specific data distributions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Esteban Rivera , Jannik Lübberstedt , Nico Uhlemann , Markus Lienkamp

We consider graph modeling for a knowledge graph for vehicle development, with a focus on crash safety. An organized schema that incorporates information from various structured and unstructured data sources is provided, which includes…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Anahita Pakiman , Jochen Garcke

Scenario testing is an important technique for detecting errors in web systems. Testers draft test scenarios and convert them into test scripts for execution. Early methods relied on testers to convert test scenarios into test scripts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Zhenyu Wan , Gong Chen , Qing Huang , Xiaoyuan Xie

Ensuring safety in autonomous driving systems remains a critical challenge, particularly in handling rare but potentially catastrophic safety-critical scenarios. While existing research has explored generating safety-critical scenarios for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Zihao Sheng , Zilin Huang , Yansong Qu , Yue Leng , Sruthi Bhavanam , Sikai Chen

Current validation methods often rely on recorded data and basic functional checks, which may not be sufficient to encompass the scenarios an autonomous vehicle might encounter. In addition, there is a growing need for complex scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Marc Kaufeld , Rainer Trauth , Johannes Betz

In order to ensure autonomous vehicles are safe for on-road deployment, simulation-based testing has become an integral complement to on-road testing. The rise in simulation testing and validation reflects a growing need to verify that AV…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Devan Shanker