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Simulation-based testing has become a standard approach to validating autonomous driving agents prior to real-world deployment. A high-quality validation campaign will exercise an agent in diverse contexts comprised of varying static…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Joy Saha , Trey Woodlief , Sebastian Elbaum , Matthew B. Dwyer

Driving scenario data play an increasingly vital role in the development of intelligent vehicles and autonomous driving. Accurate and efficient scenario data search is critical for both online vehicle decision-making and planning, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Cheng Chang , Jingwei Ge , Jiazhe Guo , Zelin Guo , Binghong Jiang , Li Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold the potential to enhance autonomous driving by combining domain-independent world knowledge with context-specific language guidance. Their integration into autonomous driving systems shows…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Tin Stribor Sohn , Philipp Reis , Maximilian Dillitzer , Johannes Bach , Jason J. Corso , Eric Sax

Autonomous driving has been the subject of increased interest in recent years both in industry and in academia. Serious efforts are being pursued to address legal, technical and logistical problems and make autonomous cars a viable option…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Nan Li , Dave Oyler , Mengxuan Zhang , Yildiray Yildiz , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Anouck Girard

In this paper, we present ViSTA, a framework for Virtual Scenario-based Testing of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), developed as part of the 2021 IEEE Autonomous Test Driving AI Test Challenge. Scenario-based virtual testing aims to construct…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Mohamed Azhar , Jing Yew Yap , James Lee Wei Shung , Roshan Vijay

Corner case scenarios are an essential tool for testing and validating the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs). As these scenarios are often insufficiently present in naturalistic driving datasets, augmenting the data with synthetic corner…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-07 George Drayson , Efimia Panagiotaki , Daniel Omeiza , Lars Kunze

We introduce ScenarioControl, the first vision-language control mechanism for learned driving scenario generation. Given a text prompt or an input image, Scenario-Control synthesizes diverse, realistic 3D scenario rollouts - including map,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Lili Gao , Yanbo Xu , William Koch , Samuele Ruffino , Luke Rowe , Behdad Chalaki , Dmitriy Rivkin , Julian Ost , Roger Girgis , Mario Bijelic , Felix Heide

The advent of Large Language Models (LLM) provides new insights to validate Automated Driving Systems (ADS). In the herein-introduced work, a novel approach to extracting scenarios from naturalistic driving datasets is presented. A…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Yongqi Zhao , Wenbo Xiao , Tomislav Mihalj , Jia Hu , Arno Eichberger

Simulation-based testing has become a crucial complement to road testing for ensuring the safety of cyber physical systems (CPS). As a result, significant research efforts have been directed toward identifying failure scenarios within…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Edward Kim , Devan Shanker , Varun Bharadwaj , Hongbeen Park , Jinkyu Kim , Hazem Torfah , Daniel J Fremont , Sanjit A Seshia

Designing diverse and safety-critical driving scenarios is essential for evaluating autonomous driving systems. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) for few-shot code generation to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yongjie Fu , Ruijian Zha , Pei Tian , Xuan Di

Many players in the automotive field support scenario-based assessment of automated vehicles (AVs), where individual traffic situations can be tested and, thus, facilitate concluding on the performance of AVs in different situations. Since…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Detian Guo , Manuel Muñoz Sánchez , Erwin de Gelder , Tom P. J. van der Sande

Scenario-Based Programming is a methodology for modeling and constructing complex reactive systems from simple, stand-alone building blocks, called scenarios. These scenarios are designed to model different traits of the system, and can be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Guy Katz , Assaf Marron , Aviran Sadon , Gera Weiss

While automated driving technology has achieved a tremendous progress, the scalable and rigorous testing and verification of safe automated and autonomous driving vehicles remain challenging. This paper proposes a learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Andrea Favrin , Vladislav Nenchev , Angelo Cenedese

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated notable promise in autonomous driving by offering the potential for multimodal reasoning through pretraining on extensive image-text pairs. However, adapting these models from broad web-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Yupeng Zhou , Can Cui , Juntong Peng , Zichong Yang , Juanwu Lu , Jitesh H Panchal , Bin Yao , Ziran Wang

The foundational role of datasets in defining the capabilities of deep learning models has led to their rapid proliferation. At the same time, published research focusing on the process of dataset development for environment perception in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Felix Grün , Marcus Nolte , Markus Maurer

To validate the safety of automated vehicles (AV), scenario-based testing aims to systematically describe driving scenarios an AV might encounter. In this process, continuous inputs such as velocities result in an infinite number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Max Winkelmann , Mike Kohlhoff , Hadj Hamma Tadjine , Steffen Müller

The safe deployment of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) relies on comprehensive testing and evaluation. However, safety-critical scenarios that can effectively expose system vulnerabilities are extremely sparse in the real world. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Naiting Zhong , Yong Shen

Testing is essential for verifying and validating control designs, especially in safety-critical applications. In particular, the control system governing an automated driving vehicle must be proven reliable enough for its acceptance on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-11 Mengjia Zhu , Alberto Bemporad , Maximilian Kneissl , Hasan Esen

Testing and evaluation is a critical step in the development and deployment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs), and yet there is no systematic framework to generate testing scenario library. This study aims to provide a general…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Shuo Feng , Yiheng Feng , Chunhui Yu , Yi Zhang , Henry X. Liu

Self-driving software pipelines include components that are learned from a significant number of training examples, yet it remains challenging to evaluate the overall system's safety and generalization performance. Together with scaling up…

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