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Large Language Models (LLMs), known for their versatility in textual data, are increasingly being explored for their potential to enhance medical image segmentation, a crucial task for accurate diagnostic imaging. This study explores…
Seed implant brachytherapy (SIBT) is an effective cancer treatment modality; however, clinical planning often relies on manual adjustment of objective function weights, leading to inefficiencies and suboptimal results. This study proposes…
PET requires accurate, precise, and efficient scatter correction techniques. Conventional scatter estimation typically relies on tail-fitted single-scatter simulation (SSS) strategy. However, the accuracy of tail-fitted SSS is limited, for…
PET/CT imaging is the gold standard for tumor detection, offering high accuracy in identifying local and metastatic lesions. Radiologists often begin assessment with rotational Multi-Angle Maximum Intensity Projections (MIPs) from PET,…
Foundational models such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM) are gaining traction in medical imaging segmentation, supporting multiple downstream tasks. However, such models are supervised in nature, still relying on large annotated…
The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a brain-inspired neural model that is very promising for unsupervised learning, especially in embedded applications. However, it is unable to learn efficient prototypes when dealing with complex datasets. We…
SimMIM is a widely used method for pretraining vision transformers using masked image modeling. However, despite its success in fine-tuning performance, it has been shown to perform sub-optimally when used for linear probing. We propose an…
The demand for accurate food quantification has increased in the recent years, driven by the needs of applications in dietary monitoring. At the same time, computer vision approaches have exhibited great potential in automating tasks within…
Quantitative measures of dopamine transporter (DaT) uptake in caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus derived from DaT-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images are being investigated as biomarkers to diagnose, assess disease…
Existing image inpainting methods leverage convolution-based downsampling approaches to reduce spatial dimensions. This may result in information loss from corrupted images where the available information is inherently sparse, especially…
Quantization is the key method for reducing inference latency, power and memory footprint of generative AI models. However, accuracy often degrades sharply when activations are quantized below eight bits. Recent work suggests that…
Increasing the throughput of the Transformer architecture, a foundational component used in numerous state-of-the-art models for vision and language tasks (e.g., GPT, LLaVa), is an important problem in machine learning. One recent and…
In Computed Tomography, machine learning is often used for automated data processing. However, increasing model complexity is accompanied by increasingly large volume datasets, which in turn increases the cost of model training. Unlike most…
Information-based Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art performance in optimizing a black-box objective function. However, they usually require several approximations or simplifying assumptions (without…
Clinical SPECT-MPI images of 345 patients acquired from a dedicated cardiac SPECT in list-mode format were retrospectively employed to predict normal-dose images from low-dose data at the half, quarter, and one-eighth-dose levels. A…
In the fields of brain-computer interaction and cognitive neuroscience, effective decoding of auditory signals from task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is key to understanding how the brain processes complex auditory…
Thorium-227-based alpha-particle radiopharmaceutical therapies ({\alpha}-RPTs) are being investigated in several clinical and pre-clinical studies. After administration, Thorium-227 decays to Radium-223, another alpha-particle-emitting…
Quantization is widely adopted to accelerate inference and reduce memory consumption in large language models (LLMs). While activation-weight joint quantization enables efficient low-precision decoding, it suffers from substantial…
The human brain extracts complex information from visual inputs, including objects, their spatial and semantic interrelations, and their interactions with the environment. However, a quantitative approach for studying this information…
Background: Spectral shaping is a computed tomography (CT) dose optimization technique that adjusts source voltage and filtration to reduce patient radiation exposure without compromising image quality. Traditionally, radiation dose has…