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Many scientific and technological problems are related to optimization. Among them, black-box optimization in high-dimensional space is particularly challenging. Recent neural network-based black-box optimization studies have shown…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Changhwi Park

Bayesian optimization is a powerful global optimization technique for expensive black-box functions. One of its shortcomings is that it requires auxiliary optimization of an acquisition function at each iteration. This auxiliary…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-28 Ziyu Wang , Babak Shakibi , Lin Jin , Nando de Freitas

Black-box algorithms are designed to optimize functions without relying on their underlying analytical structure or gradient information, making them essential when gradients are inaccessible or difficult to compute. Traditional methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yedidya Kfir , Elad Sarafian , Sarit Kraus , Yoram Louzoun

Bayesian optimization (BO) is widely adopted in black-box optimization problems and it relies on a surrogate model to approximate the black-box response function. With the increasing number of black-box optimization tasks solved and even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Wenlong Lyu , Shoubo Hu , Jie Chuai , Zhitang Chen

In statistics, it is common to encounter multi-modal and non-smooth likelihood (or objective function) maximization problems, where the parameters have known upper and lower bounds. This paper proposes a novel derivative-free global…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Priyam Das

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a widely used framework for optimizing expensive black-box functions, commonly based on Gaussian process (GP) surrogate models. Its effectiveness relies on uncertainty quantification that is both sharp…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Marshal Arijona Sinaga , Julien Martinelli , Teemu Turpeinen , Samuel Kaski

Bayesian optimization (BO) is an effective technique for black-box optimization. However, its applicability is typically limited to moderate-budget problems due to the cubic complexity of fitting the Gaussian process (GP) surrogate model.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-13 Qiyu Wei , Haowei Wang , Zirui Cao , Songhao Wang , Richard Allmendinger , Mauricio A Álvarez

Bayesian optimization (BO) is an attractive machine learning framework for performing sample-efficient global optimization of black-box functions. The optimization process is guided by an acquisition function that selects points to acquire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Felix Teufel , Carsten Stahlhut , Jesper Ferkinghoff-Borg

In discrete-variable black-box optimization, the number of candidate solutions grows combinatorially, while each evaluation is often expensive. Therefore, it is important to identify promising solutions efficiently within a limited number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Reo Shikanai , Masayuki Ohzeki

We address the problem of optimizing over functions defined on node subsets in a graph. The optimization of such functions is often a non-trivial task given their combinatorial, black-box and expensive-to-evaluate nature. Although various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Huidong Liang , Xingchen Wan , Xiaowen Dong

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a widely-used sequential method for zeroth-order optimization of complex and expensive-to-compute black-box functions. The existing BO methods assume that the function evaluation (feedback) is available to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Arun Verma , Zhongxiang Dai , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a model-based approach for gradient-free black-box function optimization. Typically, BO is powered by a Gaussian process (GP), whose algorithmic complexity is cubic in the number of evaluations. Hence, GP-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-11 Valerio Perrone , Rodolphe Jenatton , Matthias Seeger , Cedric Archambeau

Bayesian optimization (BO) is a powerful approach to sample-efficient optimization of black-box functions. However, in settings with very few function evaluations, a successful application of BO may require transferring information from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Aryan Deshwal , Sait Cakmak , Yuhou Xia , David Eriksson

The aim of global optimization is to find the global optimum of arbitrary classes of functions, possibly highly multimodal ones. In this paper we focus on the subproblem of global optimization for differentiable functions and we propose an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Louis Faury , Flavian Vasile , Clément Calauzènes , Olivier Fercoq

Bayesian optimization (BO ) is an effective method for optimizing expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions. While high-dimensional problems can be particularly challenging, due to the multitude of parameter choices and the potentially high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Erik Hellsten , Carl Hvarfner , Leonard Papenmeier , Luigi Nardi

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a method for globally optimizing black-box functions. While BO has been successfully applied to many scenarios, developing effective BO algorithms that scale to functions with high-dimensional domains is still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Yihang Shen , Carl Kingsford

Bayesian optimization (BO) is an effective method of finding the global optima of black-box functions. Recently BO has been applied to neural architecture search and shows better performance than pure evolutionary strategies. All these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Lizheng Ma , Jiaxu Cui , Bo Yang

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have achieved remarkable results in the task of generating realistic natural images. In most successful applications, GAN models share two common aspects: solving a challenging saddle point…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-21 Piotr Bojanowski , Armand Joulin , David Lopez-Paz , Arthur Szlam

Bayesian Optimization is a popular approach for optimizing expensive black-box functions. Its key idea is to use a surrogate model to approximate the objective and, importantly, quantify the associated uncertainty that allows a sequential…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-05 Haoxian Chen , Henry Lam

Black-box optimization problems often require simultaneously optimizing different types of variables, such as continuous, integer, and categorical variables. Unlike integer variables, categorical variables do not necessarily have a…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Ryoki Hamano , Shota Saito , Masahiro Nomura , Kento Uchida , Shinichi Shirakawa