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Graph neural networks (GNNs) are among the most powerful tools in deep learning. They routinely solve complex problems on unstructured networks, such as node classification, graph classification, or link prediction, with high accuracy.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Maciej Besta , Torsten Hoefler

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) are nonlinear processing tools to learn representations from network data. A key property of GCNNs is their stability to graph perturbations. Current analysis considers deterministic perturbations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Zhan Gao , Elvin Isufi , Alejandro Ribeiro

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have emerged as powerful models for graph learning tasks, exhibiting promising performance in various domains. While their empirical success is evident, there is a growing need to understand their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Guangrui Yang , Ming Li , Han Feng , Xiaosheng Zhuang

This paper analyzes neural networks through graph variables and statistical sufficiency. We interpret neural network layers as graph-based transformations, where neurons act as pairwise functions between inputs and learned anchor points.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Cencheng Shen , Yuexiao Dong

We explore the link between deep ensembles and Gaussian processes (GPs) through the lens of the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK): a recent development in understanding the training dynamics of wide neural networks (NNs). Previous work has shown…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Bobby He , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Yee Whye Teh

The popularity of deep learning techniques renewed the interest in neural architectures able to process complex structures that can be represented using graphs, inspired by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). We focus our attention on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Matteo Tiezzi , Giuseppe Marra , Stefano Melacci , Marco Maggini

Gaussian processes (GPs) are an attractive class of machine learning models because of their simplicity and flexibility as building blocks of more complex Bayesian models. Meanwhile, graph neural networks (GNNs) emerged recently as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Zehao Niu , Mihai Anitescu , Jie Chen

This paper reviews graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) through the lens of edge-variant graph filters. The edge-variant graph filter is a finite order, linear, and local recursion that allows each node, in each iteration, to weigh…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Elvin Isufi , Fernando Gama , Alejandro Ribeiro

We consider Bayesian inverse problems wherein the unknown state is assumed to be a function with discontinuous structure a priori. A class of prior distributions based on the output of neural networks with heavy-tailed weights is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Chen Li , Matthew Dunlop , Georg Stadler

Deep Gaussian Process (DGP) as a model prior in Bayesian learning intuitively exploits the expressive power in function composition. DGPs also offer diverse modeling capabilities, but inference is challenging because marginalization in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Chi-Ken Lu , Patrick Shafto

Continuous-depth graph neural networks, also known as Graph Neural Differential Equations (GNDEs), combine the structural inductive bias of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) with the continuous-depth architecture of Neural ODEs, offering a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mingsong Yan , Charles Kulick , Sui Tang

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are being applied to an increasing number of problems and fields due to their superior performance in classification and regression tasks. Since two of the key operations that CNNs implement are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Fernando Gama , Geert Leus , Antonio G. Marques , Alejandro Ribeiro

Continuous input signals like images and time series that are irregularly sampled or have missing values are challenging for existing deep learning methods. Coherently defined feature representations must depend on the values in unobserved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Marc Finzi , Roberto Bondesan , Max Welling

Deep linear networks have been extensively studied, as they provide simplified models of deep learning. However, little is known in the case of finite-width architectures with multiple outputs and convolutional layers. In this manuscript,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-26 Federico Bassetti , Marco Gherardi , Alessandro Ingrosso , Mauro Pastore , Pietro Rotondo

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used in domains like social networks and biological systems. However, the locality assumption of GNNs, which limits information exchange to neighboring nodes, hampers their ability to capture…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Tingting Dan , Jiaqi Ding , Ziquan Wei , Shahar Z Kovalsky , Minjeong Kim , Won Hwa Kim , Guorong Wu

This paper studies the infinite-width limit of deep linear neural networks initialized with random parameters. We obtain that, when the number of neurons diverges, the training dynamics converge (in a precise sense) to the dynamics obtained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Lénaïc Chizat , Maria Colombo , Xavier Fernández-Real , Alessio Figalli

Finite-width fully connected neural networks with Gaussian-initialized weights deviate from their infinite-width Gaussian limit, exhibiting non-vanishing higher-order cumulants. We approximate these deviations, for a neural network…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Lucia Celli

We establish central and non-central limit theorems for sequences of functionals of the Gaussian output of an infinitely-wide random neural network on the d-dimensional sphere . We show that the asymptotic behaviour of these functionals as…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-24 Simmaco Di Lillo , Leonardo Maini , Domenico Marinucci

Feature spaces in the deep layers of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are often very high-dimensional and difficult to interpret. However, convolutional layers consist of multiple channels that are activated by different types of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 David Bonet , Antonio Ortega , Javier Ruiz-Hidalgo , Sarath Shekkizhar

Modern deep convolutional networks (CNNs) are often criticized for not generalizing under distributional shifts. However, several recent breakthroughs in transfer learning suggest that these networks can cope with severe distribution shifts…