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We introduce a multi-turn benchmark for evaluating personalised alignment in LLM-based AI assistants, focusing on their ability to handle user-provided safety-critical contexts. Our assessment of ten leading models across five scenarios…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Lize Alberts , Benjamin Ellis , Andrei Lupu , Jakob Foerster

This research offers a unique evaluation of how AI systems interpret the digital language of Generation Alpha (Gen Alpha, born 2010-2024). As the first cohort raised alongside AI, Gen Alpha faces new forms of online risk due to immersive…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Manisha Mehta , Fausto Giunchiglia

With children talking to smart-speakers, smart-phones and even smart-microwaves daily, it is increasingly important to educate students on how these agents work-from underlying mechanisms to societal implications. Researchers are developing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Jessica Van Brummelen , Tommy Heng , Viktoriya Tabunshchyk

Due to the open nature of voice input, voice assistant (VA) systems (e.g., Google Home and Amazon Alexa) are under a high risk of sensitive information leakage (e.g., personal schedules and shopping accounts). Though the existing VA systems…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Chen Wang , Cong Shi , Yingying Chen , Yan Wang , Nitesh Saxena

Adolescents spend an increasing amount of their time in digital environments where their still-developing cognitive capacities leave them unable to recognize or resist commercial persuasion. Article 28(2) of the DSA responds to this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Sara Solarova , Matej Mosnar , Matus Tibensky , Jan Jakubcik , Adrian Bindas , Simon Liska , Filip Hossner , Matúš Mesarčík , Ivan Srba

Smart Voice assistants (SVAs) are widely adopted by youth, yet privacy decision-making in these environments is often characterized by competing considerations rather than clear-cut preferences. While our prior research has examined privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Molly Campbell , Mohamad Sheikho Al Jasem , Ajay Kumar Shrestha

The rapid proliferation of large language models (LLMs) in applications targeting children and adolescents necessitates a fundamental reassessment of prevailing AI safety frameworks, which are largely tailored to adult users and neglect the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Wenpeng Xing , Lanyi Wei , Haixiao Hu , Jingyi Yu , Rongchang Li , Mohan Li , Changting Lin , Meng Han

Parental control apps, which are mobile apps that allow parents to monitor and restrict their children's activities online, are becoming increasingly adopted by parents as a means of safeguarding their children's online safety. However, it…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Ge Wang , Jun Zhao , Max Van Kleek , Nigel Shadbolt

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, they pose potential safety concerns, such as the ``jailbreak'' problem, wherein malicious instructions can manipulate LLMs to exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yue Deng , Wenxuan Zhang , Sinno Jialin Pan , Lidong Bing

This paper investigates the effectiveness of TikTok's enforcement mechanisms for limiting the exposure of harmful content to youth accounts. We collect over 7000 videos, classify them as harmful vs not-harmful, and then simulate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Linda Xue , Francesco Corso , Nicolo' Fontana , Geng Liu , Stefano Ceri , Francesco Pierri

The digital age has brought a world of opportunity to children. Connectivity can be a game-changer for some of the world's most marginalized children. However, while legislatures around the world have enacted regulations to protect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Ruoxi Sun , Minhui Xue , Gareth Tyson , Shuo Wang , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

In the area of Internet of Things (IoT) voice assistants have become an important interface to operate smart speakers, smartphones, and even automobiles. To save power and protect user privacy, voice assistants send commands to the cloud…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Yanjiao Chen , Yijie Bai , Richard Mitev , Kaibo Wang , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Wenyuan Xu

AI companion chatbots are increasingly popular with teens. While these interactions are entertaining, they also risk overuse that can potentially disrupt offline daily life. We examined how adolescents describe reliance on AI companions,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mohammad Namvarpour , Brandon Brofsky , Jessica Medina , Mamtaj Akter , Afsaneh Razi

Generative AI chatbots enable personalized problem-solving, but effective learning requires students to self-regulate both how they seek help and how they use AI-generated responses. Considering engagement modes across these two actions…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Hyoungwook Jin , Minju Yoo , Jieun Han , Zixin Chen , So-Yeon Ahn , Xu Wang

Conversational AI systems exhibit a level of human-like behavior that promises to have profound impacts on many aspects of daily life -- how people access information, create content, and seek social support. Yet these models have also…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Christopher M. Homan , Greg Serapio-Garcia , Lora Aroyo , Mark Diaz , Alicia Parrish , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Alex S. Taylor , Ding Wang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models empower them to follow freeform instructions, including imitating generic or specific demographic personas in conversations. We define generic personas to represent demographic groups, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Yixin Wan , Jieyu Zhao , Aman Chadha , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

We present the first English corpus study on abusive language towards three conversational AI systems gathered "in the wild": an open-domain social bot, a rule-based chatbot, and a task-based system. To account for the complexity of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Amanda Cercas Curry , Gavin Abercrombie , Verena Rieser

We present dialogue management routines for a system to engage in multiparty agent-infant interaction. The ultimate purpose of this research is to help infants learn a visual sign language by engaging them in naturalistic and socially…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Setareh Nasihati Gilani , David Traum , Arcangelo Merla , Eugenia Hee , Zoey Walker , Barbara Manini , Grady Gallagher , Laura-Ann Petitto

In this study, we assess the usability of interactive personal assistants (IPAs), such as Amazon Alexa, in a simulated kitchen smart home environment, with deaf and hard of hearing users. Participants engage in activities in a way that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Paige DeVries , Nina Tran , Keith Delk , Melanie Miga , Richard Taulbee , Pranav Pidathala , Abraham Glasser , Raja Kushalnagar , Christian Vogler

Research has shown that trust is an essential aspect of human-computer interaction directly determining the degree to which the person is willing to use the system. An automatic prediction of the level of trust that a user has on a certain…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-03 Leonardo Pepino , Pablo Riera , Lara Gauder , Agustín Gravano , Luciana Ferrer