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We introduce a framework for reasoning about what meaning is captured by the neurons in a trained neural network. We provide a strategy for discovering meaning by training a second model (referred to as an observer model) to classify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Eric E. Allen

We propose learning flexible but interpretable functions that aggregate a variable-length set of permutation-invariant feature vectors to predict a label. We use a deep lattice network model so we can architect the model structure to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Andrew Cotter , Maya Gupta , Heinrich Jiang , James Muller , Taman Narayan , Serena Wang , Tao Zhu

A wide variety of model explanation approaches have been proposed in recent years, all guided by very different rationales and heuristics. In this paper, we take a new route and cast interpretability as a statistical inference problem. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Hugo Henri Joseph Senetaire , Damien Garreau , Jes Frellsen , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

Neural network interpretability is a vital component for applications across a wide variety of domains. In such cases it is often useful to analyze a network which has already been trained for its specific purpose. In this work, we develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Lawrence Phillips , Garrett Goh , Nathan Hodas

We propose an efficient and interpretable neural network with a novel activation function called the weighted Lehmer transform. This new activation function enables adaptive feature selection and extends to the complex domain, capturing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Masoud Ataei , Xiaogang Wang

There is a need of ensuring machine learning models that are interpretable. Higher interpretability of the model means easier comprehension and explanation of future predictions for end-users. Further, interpretable machine learning models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Gregor Stiglic , Primoz Kocbek , Nino Fijacko , Marinka Zitnik , Katrien Verbert , Leona Cilar

Interpretability is crucial for ensuring RL systems align with human values. However, it remains challenging to achieve in complex decision making domains. Existing methods frequently attempt interpretability at the level of fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Anna Soligo , Pietro Ferraro , David Boyle

Understanding the internal representations and decision mechanisms of deep neural networks remains a critical open challenge. While existing interpretability methods often identify influential input regions, they may not elucidate how a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Farzaneh Mahdisoltani , Saeed Mahdisoltani , Roger B. Grosse , David J. Fleet

Emotions play an important role in people's life. Understanding and recognising is not only important for interpersonal communication, but also has promising applications in Human-Computer Interaction, automobile safety and medical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Xia Yicheng , Dimitrios Kollias

Explaining recommendations enables users to understand whether recommended items are relevant to their needs and has been shown to increase their trust in the system. More generally, if designing explainable machine learning models is key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Darius Afchar , Romain Hennequin

Along with the great success of deep neural networks, there is also growing concern about their black-box nature. The interpretability issue affects people's trust on deep learning systems. It is also related to many ethical problems, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Yu Zhang , Peter Tiňo , Aleš Leonardis , Ke Tang

When we deploy machine learning models in high-stakes medical settings, we must ensure these models make accurate predictions that are consistent with known medical science. Inherently interpretable networks address this need by explaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Alina Jade Barnett , Fides Regina Schwartz , Chaofan Tao , Chaofan Chen , Yinhao Ren , Joseph Y. Lo , Cynthia Rudin

This work presents a new classifier that is specifically designed to be fully interpretable. This technique determines the probability of a class outcome, based directly on probability assignments measured from the training data. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-31 Sapan Agarwal , Corey M. Hudson

Deep neural networks (DNNs) with high expressiveness have achieved state-of-the-art performance in many tasks. However, their distributed feature representations are difficult to interpret semantically. In this work, human-interpretable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Jindong Gu , Volker Tresp

Artificial Intelligence models are becoming increasingly more powerful and accurate, supporting or even replacing humans' decision making. But with increased power and accuracy also comes higher complexity, making it hard for users to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Vivian S. Silva , André Freitas , Siegfried Handschuh

We show a proof of principle for warping, a method to interpret the inner working of neural networks in the context of gene expression analysis. Warping is an efficient way to gain insight to the inner workings of neural nets and make them…

Genomics · Quantitative Biology 2017-08-17 Trofimov Assya , Lemieux Sebastien , Perreault Claude

How can we discover and succinctly summarize the concepts that a neural network has learned? Such a task is of great importance in applications of networks in areas of inference that involve classification, like medical diagnosis based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Uday Singh Saini , Evangelos E. Papalexakis

Although neural networks can achieve very high predictive performance on various different tasks such as image recognition or natural language processing, they are often considered as opaque "black boxes". The difficulty of interpreting the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-22 Enguerrand Horel , Virgile Mison , Tao Xiong , Kay Giesecke , Lidia Mangu

A layered neural network is now one of the most common choices for the prediction of high-dimensional practical data sets, where the relationship between input and output data is complex and cannot be represented well by simple conventional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-04-16 Chihiro Watanabe , Kaoru Hiramatsu , Kunio Kashino

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks and hard to interpret because of their black-box nature. The recently proposed invertible network is able to accurately reconstruct the inputs to a layer from its outputs, thus has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Juntang Zhuang , Nicha C. Dvornek , Xiaoxiao Li , Junlin Yang , James S. Duncan