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Ambiguity is an critical component of language that allows for more effective communication between speakers, but is often ignored in NLP. Recent work suggests that NLP systems may struggle to grasp certain elements of human language…
Previously we presented general formulation of hidden time concept as a basis for building a dynamical picture underlying quantum mechanics. Here, we present detailed explanation of how hidden time works for basic quantum optical…
We address the problem of completely characterizing multi-particle states including loss of information to unobserved degrees of freedom. In systems where non-classical interference plays a role, such as linear-optics quantum gates, such…
For an autonomous vehicle, situation understand-ing is a key capability towards safe and comfortable decision-making and navigation. Information is in general provided bymultiple sources. Prior information about the road topology andtraffic…
The concept of information has emerged as a language in its own right, bridging several disciplines that analyze natural phenomena and man-made systems. Integrated information has been introduced as a metric to quantify the amount of…
With increasing complexity and heterogeneity of computing devices, it has become crucial for system to be autonomous, adaptive to dynamic environment, robust, flexible, and having so called self-*properties. These autonomous systems are…
Persistence is an important characteristic of many complex systems in nature, related to how long the system remains at a certain state before changing to a different one. The study of complex systems' persistence involves different…
Diffusion is the result of repeated random scattering. It governs a wide range of phenomena from Brownian motion, to heat flow through window panes, neutron flux in fuel rods, dispersion of light in human tissue, and electronic conduction.…
This paper studies a language-based opacity enforcement in a two-player, zero-sum game on a graph. In this game, player 1 (P1) wins if it can achieve a secret temporal goal described by the language of a finite automaton, no matter what…
Transformer language models are state of the art in a multitude of NLP tasks. Despite these successes, their opaqueness remains problematic. Recent methods aiming to provide interpretability and explainability to black-box models primarily…
A basic systems question concerns the concept of closure, meaning autonomomy (closed) in the sense of describing the (sub)system as fully consistent within itself. Alternatively, the system may be nonautonomous (open) meaning it receives…
This work focuses on the nature of visibility in societies where the behaviours of humans and algorithms influence each other - termed algorithmically infused societies. We propose a quantitative measure of visibility, with implications and…
This paper describes the first-order logical environment FOLE. Institutions in general, and logical environments in particular, give equivalent heterogeneous and homogeneous representations for logical systems. As such, they offer a…
The deep connection between entropy and information is discussed in terms of both classical and quantum physics. The mechanism of information transfer between systems via entanglement is explored in the context of decoherence theory. The…
Information flow is the branch of security that studies the leakage of information due to correlation between secrets and observables. Since in general such correlation cannot be avoided completely, it is important to quantify the leakage.…
The increasing reliance on digital information necessitates advancements in conversational search systems, particularly in terms of information transparency. While prior research in conversational information-seeking has concentrated on…
These lectures deal with the problem of inductive inference, that is, the problem of reasoning under conditions of incomplete information. Is there a general method for handling uncertainty? Or, at least, are there rules that could in…
Entropy and information can be considered dual: entropy is a measure of the subspace defined by the information constraining the given ambient space. Negative entropies, arising in na\"ive extensions of the definition of entropy from…
A mechanism is proposed that allows to interpret the temporal evolution of a physical system as a result of the inability of an observer to record its whole state and a simple example is given. It is based on a review of the concepts of…
Event prediction is the ability of anticipating future events, i.e., future real-world occurrences, and aims to support the user in deciding on actions that change future events towards a desired state. An event prediction method learns the…