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Adaptive gradient methods (AGMs) have become popular in optimizing the nonconvex problems in deep learning area. We revisit AGMs and identify that the adaptive learning rate (A-LR) used by AGMs varies significantly across the dimensions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Qianqian Tong , Guannan Liang , Jinbo Bi

Network consensus optimization has received increasing attention in recent years and has found important applications in many scientific and engineering fields. To solve network consensus optimization problems, one of the most well-known…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Xin Zhang , Jia Liu , Zhengyuan Zhu , Elizabeth S. Bentley

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have evolved into powerful and ubiquitous tools. Fine-tuning on small datasets allows LLMs to acquire specialized skills for specific tasks efficiently. Although LLMs provide great utility in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ruoxing Yang

Adaptive gradient optimization methods, such as Adam, are prevalent in training deep neural networks across diverse machine learning tasks due to their ability to achieve faster convergence. However, these methods often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Abulikemu Abuduweili , Changliu Liu

Training large neural networks requires distributing learning across multiple workers, where the cost of communicating gradients can be a significant bottleneck. signSGD alleviates this problem by transmitting just the sign of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-09 Jeremy Bernstein , Yu-Xiang Wang , Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Anima Anandkumar

Adaptive gradient methods such as RMSProp and Adam use exponential moving estimate of the squared gradient to compute adaptive step sizes, achieving better convergence than SGD in face of noisy objectives. However, Adam can have undesirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Chen Zhu , Yu Cheng , Zhe Gan , Furong Huang , Jingjing Liu , Tom Goldstein

The Adam algorithm has become extremely popular for large-scale machine learning. Under convexity condition, it has been proved to enjoy a data-dependant $O(\sqrt{T})$ regret bound where $T$ is the time horizon. However, whether strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Guanghui Wang , Shiyin Lu , Weiwei Tu , Lijun Zhang

In training of modern large natural language processing (NLP) models, it has become a common practice to split models using 3D parallelism to multiple GPUs. Such technique, however, suffers from a high overhead of inter-node communication.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Jaeyong Song , Jinkyu Yim , Jaewon Jung , Hongsun Jang , Hyung-Jin Kim , Youngsok Kim , Jinho Lee

Adam is widely adopted in practical applications due to its fast convergence. However, its theoretical analysis is still far from satisfactory. Existing convergence analyses for Adam rely on the bounded smoothness assumption, referred to as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Bohan Wang , Yushun Zhang , Huishuai Zhang , Qi Meng , Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu , Zhi-Quan Luo , Wei Chen

Adaptive gradient methods have become popular in optimizing deep neural networks; recent examples include AdaGrad and Adam. Although Adam usually converges faster, variations of Adam, for instance, the AdaBelief algorithm, have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Kushal Chakrabarti , Nikhil Chopra

Gradient descent (GD) based optimization methods are these days the standard tools to train deep neural networks in artificial intelligence systems. In optimization procedures in deep learning the employed optimizer is often not the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Steffen Dereich , Robin Graeber , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

Communication overhead is a key challenge in distributed deep learning, especially on slower Ethernet interconnects, and given current hardware trends, communication is likely to become a major bottleneck. While gradient compression…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Satoki Ishikawa , Tal Ben-Nun , Brian Van Essen , Rio Yokota , Nikoli Dryden

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the main approach for training deep networks: it moves towards the optimum of the cost function by iteratively updating the parameters of a model in the direction of the gradient of the loss evaluated on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Loris Nanni , Gianluca Maguolo , Alessandra Lumini

Full fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is notoriously memory-intensive, primarily because conventional optimizers such as SGD or Adam assume access to exact gradients derived from cached activations. Existing solutions either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jing Yang , Kaitong Cai , Yijia Fan , Yufeng Yang , Keze Wang

Adam is shown not being able to converge to the optimal solution in certain cases. Researchers recently propose several algorithms to avoid the issue of non-convergence of Adam, but their efficiency turns out to be unsatisfactory in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Zhiming Zhou , Qingru Zhang , Guansong Lu , Hongwei Wang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Deep neural networks are traditionally trained using human-designed stochastic optimization algorithms, such as SGD and Adam. Recently, the approach of learning to optimize network parameters has emerged as a promising research topic.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Shipeng Wang , Jian Sun , Zongben Xu

A crucial component of machine learning algorithms is minimizing loss functions with less computational cost and less oscillations. While adaptive learning rate-based optimizers have been widely used for real-world tasks, they do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sakshi Kumari , Shyam Kumar M , Sushmitha P

We consider the problem of communication efficient distributed optimization where multiple nodes exchange important algorithm information in every iteration to solve large problems. In particular, we focus on the stochastic variance-reduced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Hossein S. Ghadikolaei , Sindri Magnusson

In this paper, we study the convergence of the Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) algorithm under unconstrained non-convex smooth stochastic optimizations. Despite the widespread usage in machine learning areas, its theoretical properties…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-06 Yusu Hong , Junhong Lin

The Adam optimizer is widely used for transformer optimization in practice, which makes understanding the underlying optimization mechanisms an important problem. However, due to the Adam's complexity, theoretical analysis of how it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Bingrui Li , Wei Huang , Andi Han , Zhanpeng Zhou , Taiji Suzuki , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen
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