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The recent adoption of machine learning as a tool in real world decision making has spurred interest in understanding how these decisions are being made. Counterfactual Explanations are a popular interpretable machine learning technique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Andrew O'Brien , Edward Kim

Work in Counterfactual Explanations tends to focus on the principle of "the closest possible world" that identifies small changes leading to the desired outcome. In this paper we argue that while this approach might initially seem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Rafael Poyiadzi , Kacper Sokol , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Tijl De Bie , Peter Flach

Explainable recommendation systems leverage transparent reasoning to foster user trust and improve decision-making processes. Current approaches typically decouple recommendation generation from explanation creation, violating causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Guanrong Li , Haolin Yang , Xinyu Liu , Zhen Wu , Xinyu Dai

As machine learning models are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains such as legal and financial decision-making, there has been growing interest in post-hoc methods for generating counterfactual explanations. Such explanations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Alexis Ross , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Osbert Bastani

Explainable AI (XAI) aims to improve user understanding and decisions when using AI models. However, despite innovations in XAI, recent user evaluations reveal that this goal remains elusive. Understanding human cognition can help explain…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Louth Bin Rawshan , Zhuoyu Wang , Brian Y. Lim

Recently, there has been increasing interest in transparency and interpretability in Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) systems. Verbal explanations, as the most natural way of communication in our daily life, deserve more attention, since…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Xinzhi Wang , Huao Li , Hui Zhang , Michael Lewis , Katia Sycara

The main objective of explanations is to transmit knowledge to humans. This work proposes to construct informative explanations for predictions made from machine learning models. Motivated by the observations from social sciences, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Freddy Lecue , Jiewen Wu

Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

Explaining how to get from A to B can be challenging. It requires mentally simulating what the listener will do based on what they are told. To capture this process, we propose a computational model that converts utterances into action…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hanqi Zhou , Britt Besch , Charley M. Wu , Tobias Gerstenberg

Linear approximations to the decision boundary of a complex model have become one of the most popular tools for interpreting predictions. In this paper, we study such linear explanations produced either post-hoc by a few recent methods or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Maruan Al-Shedivat , Avinava Dubey , Eric P. Xing

The ability to explain decisions made by AI systems is highly sought after, especially in domains where human lives are at stake such as medicine or autonomous vehicles. While it is often possible to approximate the input-output relations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Daniel C. Elton

Artificial intelligence systems are being increasingly deployed due to their potential to increase the efficiency, scale, consistency, fairness, and accuracy of decisions. However, as many of these systems are opaque in their operation,…

Explainability is widely regarded as essential for trustworthy artificial intelligence systems. However, the metrics commonly used to evaluate counterfactual explanations are algorithmic evaluation metrics that are rarely validated against…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Felix Liedeker , Basil Ell , Philipp Cimiano , Christoph Düsing

In the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), counterfactual examples explain to a user the predictions of a trained decision model by indicating the modifications to be made to the instance so as to change its associated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Thibault Laugel , Adulam Jeyasothy , Marie-Jeanne Lesot , Christophe Marsala , Marcin Detyniecki

Despite the potential impact of explanations on decision making, there is a lack of research on quantifying their effect on users' choices. This paper presents an experimental protocol for measuring the degree to which positively or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Krisztian Balog , Filip Radlinski , Andrey Petrov

Explainable machine learning and artificial intelligence models have been used to justify a model's decision-making process. This added transparency aims to help improve user performance and understanding of the underlying model. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Mahsan Nourani , Chiradeep Roy , Tahrima Rahman , Eric D. Ragan , Nicholas Ruozzi , Vibhav Gogate

Explanation is a key component for the adoption of reinforcement learning (RL) in many real-world decision-making problems. In the literature, the explanation is often provided by saliency attribution to the features of the RL agent's…

Interest in the field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence has been growing for decades and has accelerated recently. As Artificial Intelligence models have become more complex, and often more opaque, with the incorporation of complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Shruthi Chari , Daniel M. Gruen , Oshani Seneviratne , Deborah L. McGuinness

Modern recommender systems face an increasing need to explain their recommendations. Despite considerable progress in this area, evaluating the quality of explanations remains a significant challenge for researchers and practitioners. Prior…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Yuanshun Yao , Chong Wang , Hang Li

Recommender systems play a fundamental role in web applications in filtering massive information and matching user interests. While many efforts have been devoted to developing more effective models in various scenarios, the exploration on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Ninghao Liu , Yong Ge , Li Li , Xia Hu , Rui Chen , Soo-Hyun Choi