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A rollup network is a type of popular "Layer 2" scaling solution for general purpose "Layer 1" blockchains like Ethereum. Rollups networks separate execution of transactions from other aspects like consensus, processing transactions off of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Francisco Gomes Figueira , Martin Derka , Ching Lun Chiu , Jan Gorzny

This paper introduces a deterministic Byzantine consensus algorithm that relies on a new weak coordinator. As opposed to previous algorithms that cannot terminate in the presence of a faulty or slow coordinator, our algorithm can terminate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-26 Tyler Crain , Vincent Gramoli , Mikel Larrea , Michel Raynal

Recently, blockchain technology has become a topic in the spotlight but also a hotbed of various cybercrimes. Among them, phishing scams on blockchain have been found making a notable amount of money, thus emerging as a serious threat to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Jiajing Wu , Qi Yuan , Dan Lin , Wei You , Weili Chen , Chuan Chen , Zibin Zheng

Due to the computational cost of running inference for a neural network, the need to deploy the inferential steps on a third party's compute environment or hardware is common. If the third party is not fully trusted, it is desirable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Mohammad Mahmudul Alam , Edward Raff , Tim Oates , James Holt

Although blockchains aim for immutability as their core feature, several instances have exposed the harms with perfect immutability. The permanence of illicit content inserted in Bitcoin poses a challenge to law enforcement agencies like…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Sri Aravinda Krishnan Thyagarajan , Adithya Bhat , Bernardo Magri , Daniel Tschudi , Aniket Kate

Smart contracts are programs that are executed on the blockchain and can hold, manage and transfer assets in the form of cryptocurrencies. The contract's execution is then performed on-chain and is subject to consensus, i.e. every node on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Soroush Farokhnia

This paper examines the impact of reducing Ethereum slot time on decentralized exchange activity, with a focus on CEX-DEX arbitrage behavior. We develop a trading model where the agent's DEX transaction is not guaranteed to land, and the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-05 Aleksei Adadurov , Sergey Barseghyan , Anton Chtepine , Antero Eloranta , Andrei Sebyakin , Arsenii Valitov

The beacon chain is the backbone of the Ethereum's evolution towards a proof-of-stake-based scalable network. Beacon clients are the applications implementing the services required to operate the beacon chain, namely validators, beacon…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Jean-Philippe Aumasson , Denis Kolegov , Evangelia Stathopoulou

With the rapid advancement of blockchain technology, smart contracts have enabled the implementation of increasingly complex functionalities. However, ensuring the security of smart contracts remains a persistent challenge across the stages…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Yuchen Ding , Hongli Peng , Xiaoqi Li

Blockchains, and specifically smart contracts, have promised to create fair and transparent trading ecosystems. Unfortunately, we show that this promise has not been met. We document and quantify the widespread and rising deployment of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Philip Daian , Steven Goldfeder , Tyler Kell , Yunqi Li , Xueyuan Zhao , Iddo Bentov , Lorenz Breidenbach , Ari Juels

Ephemeral Diffie-Hellman Over COSE (EDHOC) aims at being a very compact and lightweight authenticated Diffie-Hellman key exchange with ephemeral keys. It is expected to provide mutual authentication, forward secrecy, and identity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Baptiste Cottier , David Pointcheval

The security of many Proof-of-Stake (PoS) payment systems relies on quorum-based State Machine Replication (SMR) protocols. While classical analyses assume purely Byzantine faults, real-world systems must tolerate both arbitrary failures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zeta Avarikioti , Eleftherios Kokoris Kogias , Ray Neiheiser , Christos Stefo

The adversary's goal in mounting Long Range Attacks (LRAs) is to fool potential victims into using and relying on a side chain, i.e., a false, alternate history of transactions, and into proposing transactions that end up harming themselves…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Bennet Yee

The thesis addresses the problem of scalability in decentralized blockchains in the context of the trade-off between transaction throughput and hardware requirements to participate in the network. Rollups are presented, that is technologies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Luca Donno

The Binary Vector Clock is a simple, yet space-efficient algorithm for generating a partial order of transactions in account-based blockchain systems. The Binary Vector Clock solves the problem of order dependency in systems such as…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-17 Lum Ramabaja

We study the incentives behind double-spend attacks on Nakamoto-style Proof-of-Work cryptocurrencies. In these systems, miners are allowed to choose which transactions to reference with their block, and a common strategy for selecting…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yanni Georghiades , Rajesh Mishra , Karl Kreder , Sriram Vishwanath

Blockchain is a technology that provides a distributed ledger that stores previous records while maintaining consistency and security. Bitcoin is the first and largest decentralized electronic cryptographic system that uses blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Befekadu G. Gebraselase , Bjarne E. Helvik , Yuming Jiang

Achieving low-latency consensus in geographically distributed systems remains a key challenge for blockchain and distributed database applications. To this end, there has been significant recent interest in State-Machine-Replication (SMR)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Brendan Kobayashi Chou , Andrew Lewis-Pye , Patrick O'Grady

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is a decentralized computing engine. It enables the Ethereum blockchain to execute smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps). The increasing adoption of Ethereum sparked the rise of phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Pasquale De Rosa , Simon Queyrut , Yérom-David Bromberg , Pascal Felber , Valerio Schiavoni

Slow working nodes, known as stragglers, can greatly reduce the speed of distributed computation. Coded matrix multiplication is a recently introduced technique that enables straggler-resistant distributed multiplication of large matrices.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Shahrzad Kiani , Nuwan Ferdinand , Stark C. Draper