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Multi-Label Image Classification (MLIC) aims to predict a set of labels that present in an image. The key to deal with such problem is to mine the associations between image contents and labels, and further obtain the correct assignments…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Yanan Wu , He Liu , Songhe Feng , Yi Jin , Gengyu Lyu , Zizhang Wu

Detecting anomalies over real-world datasets remains a challenging task. Data annotation is an intensive human labor problem, particularly in sequential datasets, where the start and end time of anomalies are not known. As a result, data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-05 Parastoo Kamranfar , David Lattanzi , Amarda Shehu , Daniel Barbará

Weakly supervised whole slide image classification is usually formulated as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem, where each slide is treated as a bag, and the patches cut out of it are treated as instances. Existing methods either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Linhao Qu , Yingfan Ma , Xiaoyuan Luo , Manning Wang , Zhijian Song

\textit{Multiple Instance Learning} (MIL) is concerned with learning from bags of instances, where only bag labels are given and instance labels are unknown. Existent approaches in this field were mainly designed for the bag-level label…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Minlong Peng , Qi Zhang

Cancer diagnosis has greatly benefited from the integration of whole-slide images (WSIs) with multiple instance learning (MIL), enabling high-resolution analysis of tissue morphology. Graph-based MIL (GNN-MIL) approaches have emerged as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Jongwoo Kim , Bryan Wong , Huazhu Fu , Willmer Rafell Quiñones , Youngsin Ko , Mun Yong Yi

Histopathology image analysis can be considered as a Multiple instance learning (MIL) problem, where the whole slide histopathology image (WSI) is regarded as a bag of instances (i.e, patches) and the task is to predict a single class label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Meng Li , Lin Wu , Arnold Wiliem , Kun Zhao , Teng Zhang , Brian C. Lovell

Whole Slide Imaging (WSI), which involves high-resolution digital scans of pathology slides, has become the gold standard for cancer diagnosis, but its gigapixel resolution and the scarcity of annotated datasets present challenges for deep…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-03 Rita Pereira , M. Rita Verdelho , Catarina Barata , Carlos Santiago

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has demonstrated promise in Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, a major challenge persists due to the high computational cost associated with processing these gigapixel images. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Hongyi Wang , Luyang Luo , Fang Wang , Ruofeng Tong , Yen-Wei Chen , Hongjie Hu , Lanfen Lin , Hao Chen

In Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem for sequence data, the instances inside the bags are sequences. In some real world applications such as bioinformatics, comparing a random couple of sequences makes no sense. In fact, each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Manel Zoghlami , Sabeur Aridhi , Mondher Maddouri , Engelbert Mephu Nguifo

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has become the predominant approach for classification tasks on gigapixel histopathology whole slide images (WSIs). Within the MIL framework, single WSIs (bags) are decomposed into patches (instances), with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Daniel Sens , Ario Sadafi , Francesco Paolo Casale , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr

Multiple instance learning (MIL) can reduce the need for costly annotation in tasks such as semantic segmentation by weakening the required degree of supervision. We propose a novel MIL formulation of multi-class semantic segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-04-16 Deepak Pathak , Evan Shelhamer , Jonathan Long , Trevor Darrell

In Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), models are trained using bags of instances, where only a single label is provided for each bag. A bag label is often only determined by a handful of key instances within a bag, making it difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Joseph Early , Christine Evers , Sarvapali Ramchurn

In the last years, the weakly supervised paradigm of multiple instance learning (MIL) has become very popular in many different areas. A paradigmatic example is computational pathology, where the lack of patch-level labels for whole-slide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Pablo Morales-Álvarez , Arne Schmidt , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato , Rafael Molina

Recently neural networks and multiple instance learning are both attractive topics in Artificial Intelligence related research fields. Deep neural networks have achieved great success in supervised learning problems, and multiple instance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-08 Xinggang Wang , Yongluan Yan , Peng Tang , Xiang Bai , Wenyu Liu

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) offers a natural solution for settings where only coarse, bag-level labels are available, without having access to instance-level annotations. This is usually the case in digital pathology, which consists of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Andreas Lolos , Stergios Christodoulidis , Aris L. Moustakas , Jose Dolz , Maria Vakalopoulou

Classification and localization are two pillars of visual object detectors. However, in CNN-based detectors, these two modules are usually optimized under a fixed set of candidate (or anchor) bounding boxes. This configuration significantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Wei Ke , Tianliang Zhang , Zeyi Huang , Qixiang Ye , Jianzhuang Liu , Dong Huang

Whole slide image (WSI) classification is a fundamental task for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases; but, curation of accurate labels is time-consuming and limits the application of fully-supervised methods. To address this, multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Philip Chikontwe , Soo Jeong Nam , Heounjeong Go , Meejeong Kim , Hyun Jung Sung , Sang Hyun Park

A growing number of applications, e.g. video surveillance and medical image analysis, require training recognition systems from large amounts of weakly annotated data while some targeted interactions with a domain expert are allowed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Marc-André Carbonneau , Eric Granger , Ghyslain Gagnon

Multiple Instance learning (MIL) models have been extensively used in pathology to predict biomarkers and risk-stratify patients from gigapixel-sized images. Machine learning problems in medical imaging often deal with rare diseases, making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Dinkar Juyal , Siddhant Shingi , Syed Ashar Javed , Harshith Padigela , Chintan Shah , Anand Sampat , Archit Khosla , John Abel , Amaro Taylor-Weiner

The dynamic environment of laboratories and clinics, with streams of data arriving on a daily basis, requires regular updates of trained machine learning models for consistent performance. Continual learning is supposed to help train models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zahra Ebrahimi , Raheleh Salehi , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr , Ario Sadafi