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In this paper we study a type of games regularized by the relative entropy, where the players' strategies are coupled through a random environment variable. Besides the existence and the uniqueness of equilibria of such games, we prove that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Giovanni Conforti , Anna Kazeykina , Zhenjie Ren

This letter studies multi-agent reinforcement learning in partially observable Markov potential games. Solving this problem is challenging due to partial observability, decentralized information, and the curse of dimensionality. First, to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Wonseok Yang , Thinh T. Doan

The intersection of Mean Field Games (MFGs) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) has fostered a growing family of algorithms designed to solve large-scale multi-agent systems. However, the field currently lacks a standardized evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Lorenzo Magnino , Jiacheng Shen , Matthieu Geist , Olivier Pietquin , Mathieu Laurière

Here, we establish the existence of weak solutions to a wide class of time-dependent monotone mean-field games (MFGs). These MFGs are given as a system of degenerate parabolic equations with initial and terminal conditions. To construct…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-01-14 Rita Ferreira , Diogo Gomes , Teruo Tada

In this paper, we study the fundamental statistical efficiency of Reinforcement Learning in Mean-Field Control (MFC) and Mean-Field Game (MFG) with general model-based function approximation. We introduce a new concept called Mean-Field…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jiawei Huang , Batuhan Yardim , Niao He

In this work, we study the contraction conditions of iterative algorithms for stationary and finite-horizon discrete-time regularized mean-field games (MFGs) with multiple populations, where each population only interacts with the state…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Uğur Aydın , Tamer Başar

Mean field game theory studies the behavior of a large number of interacting individuals in a game theoretic setting and has received a lot of attention in the past decade (Lasry and Lions, Japanese journal of mathematics, 2007). In this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-31 Martin Frank , Michael Herty , Torsten Trimborn

We propose a novel mean field games (MFGs) based GAN(generative adversarial network) framework. To be specific, we utilize the Hopf formula in density space to rewrite MFGs as a primal-dual problem so that we are able to train the model via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Shaojun Ma , Haomin Zhou , Hongyuan Zha

Designing suitable reward functions for numerous interacting intelligent agents is challenging in real-world applications. Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) in mean field games (MFGs) offers a practical framework to infer reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yang Chen , Xiao Lin , Bo Yan , Libo Zhang , Jiamou Liu , Neset Özkan Tan , Michael Witbrock

Mean Field Game (MFG) models implicitly assume "rational expectations", meaning that the heterogeneous agents being modeled correctly know all relevant transition probabilities for the complex system they inhabit. When there is common…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Benjamin Moll , Lenya Ryzhik

This paper studies mean field game (MFG) of controls by featuring the joint distribution of the state and the control with the reflected state process along an exogenous stochastic reflection boundary. We contribute to the literature with a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Lijun Bo , Jingfei Wang , Xiang Yu

We consider the problem of computing mixed Nash equilibria of two-player zero-sum games with continuous sets of pure strategies and with first-order access to the payoff function. This problem arises for example in game-theory-inspired…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Guillaume Wang , Lénaïc Chizat

In this paper, we study a class of discrete-time mean-field games under the infinite-horizon risk-sensitive discounted-cost optimality criterion. Risk-sensitivity is introduced for each agent (player) via an exponential utility function. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-08 Naci Saldi , Tamer Basar , Maxim Raginsky

Reinforcement learning for multi-agent games has attracted lots of attention recently. However, given the challenge of solving Nash equilibria for large population games, existing works with guaranteed polynomial complexities either focus…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-04 Anran Hu , Junzi Zhang

We address scaling up equilibrium computation in Mean Field Games (MFGs) using Online Mirror Descent (OMD). We show that continuous-time OMD provably converges to a Nash equilibrium under a natural and well-motivated set of monotonicity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Julien Perolat , Sarah Perrin , Romuald Elie , Mathieu Laurière , Georgios Piliouras , Matthieu Geist , Karl Tuyls , Olivier Pietquin

Recent advances in deep learning has witnessed many innovative frameworks that solve high dimensional mean-field games (MFG) accurately and efficiently. These methods, however, are restricted to solving single-instance MFG and demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Han Huang , Rongjie Lai

Mean-field games with absorption is a class of games, that have been introduced in Campi and Fischer (2018) and that can be viewed as natural limits of symmetric stochastic differential games with a large number of players who, interacting…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-05 Luciano Campi , Maddalena Ghio , Giulia Livieri

We examine global non-asymptotic convergence properties of policy gradient methods for multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) problems in Markov potential games (MPG). To learn a Nash equilibrium of an MPG in which the size of state space…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Dongsheng Ding , Chen-Yu Wei , Kaiqing Zhang , Mihailo R. Jovanović

Stochastic differential games have been used extensively to model agents' competitions in Finance, for instance, in P2P lending platforms from the Fintech industry, the banking system for systemic risk, and insurance markets. The recently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-23 Jiequn Han , Ruimeng Hu , Jihao Long

In this paper, we study the long-time behavior of mean field game (MFG) systems influenced by a common noise. While classical results establish the convergence of deterministic MFG towards stationary solutions under suitable monotonicity…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Pierre Cardaliaguet , Raphaël Maillet , Wenbin Yan