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Related papers: Gaps in the Thue--Morse word

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Good words are binary words avoiding factors 11 and 1001, and patterns 0000 and 00010100. We show that good words bear the same relationship to the period-doubling sequence that overlap-free words bear to the Thue-Morse sequence. We prove…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-28 James D. Currie

We show that, with the exception of the words $a^2ba^2$ and $b^2ab^2$, all (finite or infinite) binary patterns in the Prouhet-Thue-Morse sequence can actually be found in that sequence as segments (up to exchange of letters in the infinite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Jorge Almeida , Ondřej Klíma

We consider a dynamical system given by an area-preserving map on a two-dimensional phase plane and consider a one-dimensional line of initial conditions within this plane. We record the number of iterates it takes a trajectory to escape…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2016-09-08 K. A. Mitchell , J. P. Handley , B. Tighe , S. K. Knudson , J. B. Delos

We show that the 2-abelian complexity of the infinite Thue-Morse word is 2-regular, and other properties of the 2-abelian complexity, most notably that it is a concatenation of palindromes of increasing length. We also show sharp bounds for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-06-03 Florian Greinecker

An infinite permutation $\alpha$ is a linear ordering of $\mathbb N$. We study properties of infinite permutations analogous to those of infinite words, and show some resemblances and some differences between permutations and words. In this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-09-29 Anna Frid , Luca Zamboni

Currie and Saari initiated the study of least periods of infinite words, and they showed that every integer n >= 1 is a least period of the Thue-Morse sequence. We generalize this result to show that the characteristic sequence of least…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-07-24 Daniel Goc , Jeffrey Shallit

In this paper, we study the additive complexity $\rho^{+}_{\mathbf{t}}(n)$ of a Thue-Morse like sequence $\mathbf{t}=\sigma^{\infty}(0)$ with the morphism $\sigma: 0\to 01, 1\to 12, 2\to 20$. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-16 Jin Chen , Zhixiong Wen , Wen Wu

An infinite $\pm 1$-sequence is called {\it Apwenian} if its Hankel determinant of order $n$ divided by $2^{n-1}$ is an odd number for every positive integer $n$. In 1998, Allouche, Peyri\`ere, Wen and Wen discovered and proved that the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-01-19 Hao Fu , Guo-Niu Han

The well known Three Gap Theorem states that there are at most three gap sizes in the sequence of fractional parts $\{\alpha n\}_{n<N}$ . It is known that if one averages over {\alpha}, the distribution becomes continuous. We present an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-01 Geremías Polanco , Daniel Schultz , Alexandru Zaharescu

Let $p$ be a prime number and consider a $p$-automatic sequence ${\bf u}=(u_{n})_{n\in\N}$ and its generating function $U(X)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}u_{n}X^{n}\in\mathbb{F}_{p}[[X]]$. Moreover, let us suppose that $u_{0}=0$ and $u_{1}\neq 0$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-20 Maciej Gawro , Maciej Ulas

Letting $(t_n)$ denote the Thue-Morse sequence with values $0, 1$, we note that the Woods-Robbins product $$ \prod_{n \geq 0} \left(\frac{2n+1}{2n+2}\right)^{(-1)^{t_n}} = 2^{-1/2} $$ involves a rational function in $n$ and the $\pm 1$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-13 Jean-Paul Allouche , Samin Riasat , Jeffrey Shallit

This paper builds upon the framework of \emph{Morse sequences}, a simple and effective approach to discrete Morse theory. A Morse sequence on a simplicial complex consists of a sequence of nested subcomplexes generated by expansions and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Gilles Bertrand

The Thue-Morse set $\mathcal{T}$ is the set of those non-negative integers whose binary expansions have an even number of $1$. The name of this set comes from the fact that its characteristic sequence is given by the famous Thue-Morse word…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Émilie Charlier , Célia Cisternino , Adeline Massuir

The classic Thue--Morse measure is a paradigmatic example of a purely singular continuous probability measure on the unit interval. Since it has a representation as an infinite Riesz product, many aspects of this measure have been studied…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Michael Baake , Philipp Gohlke , Marc Kesseböhmer , Tanja Schindler

In this paper we study sums of Dirichlet series whose coefficients are terms of the Thue-Morse sequence and variations thereof. We find closed-form expressions for such sums in terms of known constants and functions including the Riemann…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-28 László Tóth

If $p$ is a prime number, consider a $p$-automatic sequence $(u_n)_{n\ge 0}$, and let $U(X) = \sum_{n\ge 0} u_n X^n \in \mathbb{F}_p[[X]]$ be its generating function. Assume that there exists a formal power series $V(X) = \sum_{n\ge 0} v_n…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-01 Narad Rampersad , Manon Stipulanti

We consider infinite sequences of symbols, also known as streams, and the decidability question for equality of streams defined in a restricted format. This restricted format consists of prefixing a symbol at the head of a stream, of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-04-17 Clemens Grabmayer , Joerg Endrullis , Dimitri Hendriks , Jan Willem Klop , Lawrence S. Moss

Primitive constant length substitutions generate minimal symbolic dynamical systems. In this article we present an algorithm which can produce the list of injective substitutions of the same length that generate topologically conjugate…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-05-25 Ethan M. Coven , F. Michel Dekking , Michael S. Keane

We study the minimal gap statistic for fractional parts of sequences of the form $\mathcal A^\alpha = \{\alpha a(n)\}$ where $\mathcal A = \{a(n)\}$ is a sequence of distinct of integers. Assuming that the additive energy of the sequence is…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-30 Zeév Rudnick

We study a class of infinite words $x_k$ , where $k$ is a positive integer, recently introduced by J. Shallit. This class includes the Thue-Morse sequence $x_1$, the Fibonacci-Thue-Morse sequence $x_2$, and the Allouche-Johnson sequence…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-16 Lubomíra Dvořáková , Savinien Kreczman , Edita Pelantová