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Speaker anonymization aims to protect speaker identity while preserving content information and the intelligibility of speech. However, most speaker anonymization systems (SASs) are developed and evaluated using only English, resulting in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Zhe Zhang , Wen-Chin Huang , Xin Wang , Xiaoxiao Miao , Junichi Yamagishi

Chinese Spell Checking (CSC) aims to detect and correct erroneous characters for user-generated text in the Chinese language. Most of the Chinese spelling errors are misused semantically, phonetically or graphically similar characters.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Heng-Da Xu , Zhongli Li , Qingyu Zhou , Chao Li , Zizhen Wang , Yunbo Cao , Heyan Huang , Xian-Ling Mao

We propose a technique for declaratively specifying strategies for semi-supervised learning (SSL). The proposed method can be used to specify ensembles of semi-supervised learning, as well as agreement constraints and entropic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Haitian Sun , William W. Cohen , Lidong Bing

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is a common approach to learning predictive models using not only labeled examples, but also unlabeled examples. While SSL for the simple tasks of classification and regression has received a lot of attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jurica Levatić , Michelangelo Ceci , Dragi Kocev , Sašo Džeroski

This work is a study of the impact of multiple aspects in a classic unsupervised word sense disambiguation algorithm. We identify relevant factors in a decision rule algorithm, including the initial labeling of examples, the formalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Darío Garigliotti

Self-training (ST) and self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have demonstrated strong improvements in automatic speech recognition (ASR). In spite of these advances, to the best of our knowledge, there is no analysis of how the composition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Dan Berrebbi , Ronan Collobert , Navdeep Jaitly , Tatiana Likhomanenko

Recently, discrete tokens derived from self-supervised learning (SSL) models via k-means clustering have been actively studied as pseudo-text in speech language models and as efficient intermediate representations for various tasks.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Kentaro Onda , Satoru Fukayama , Daisuke Saito , Nobuaki Minematsu

The advancement of deep learning has greatly improved supervised image classification. However, labeling data is costly, prompting research into unsupervised learning methods such as contrastive learning. In real-world scenarios, fully…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shogo Nakayama , Masahiro Okuda

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is implemented when algorithms are trained on both labeled and unlabeled data. This is a very common application of ML as it is unrealistic to obtain a fully labeled dataset. Researchers have tackled three…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Jason Lu , Michael Ma , Huaze Xu , Zixi Xu

Deep learning models trained in a supervised setting have revolutionized audio and speech processing. However, their performance inherently depends on the quantity of human-annotated data, making them costly to scale and prone to poor…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Theo Lepage , Reda Dehak

Cued Speech (CS) is a communication system developed for deaf people, which exploits hand cues to complement speechreading at the phonetic level. Currently, it is estimated that CS has been adapted to over 60 languages; however, no official…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-06 Liu Li , Feng Gang

Speech fluency/disfluency can be evaluated by analyzing a range of phonetic and prosodic features. Deep neural networks are commonly trained to map fluency-related features into the human scores. However, the effectiveness of deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Kaiqi Fu , Shaojun Gao , Shuju Shi , Xiaohai Tian , Wei Li , Zejun Ma

The premise of semi-supervised learning (SSL) is that combining labeled and unlabeled data yields significantly more accurate models. Despite empirical successes, the theoretical understanding of SSL is still far from complete. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-06 Eyar Azar , Boaz Nadler

Following the success of supervised learning, semi-supervised learning (SSL) is now becoming increasingly popular. SSL is a family of methods, which in addition to a labeled training set, also use a sizable collection of unlabeled data for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Erik Wallin , Lennart Svensson , Fredrik Kahl , Lars Hammarstrand

Training speech recognizers with unpaired speech and text -- known as unsupervised speech recognition (UASR) -- is a crucial step toward extending ASR to low-resource languages in the long-tail distribution and enabling multimodal learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Liming Wang , Junrui Ni , Kai-Wei Chang , Saurabhchand Bhati , David Harwath , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , James R. Glass

Speech production and perception are the main ways humans communicate daily. Prior brain-to-text decoding studies have largely focused on a single modality and alphabetic languages. Here, we present a unified brain-to-sentence decoding…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-16 Zhizhang Yuan , Yang Yang , Gaorui Zhang , Baowen Cheng , Zehan Wu , Yuhao Xu , Xiaoying Liu , Liang Chen , Ying Mao , Meng Li

Much of the recent literature on automatic speech recognition (ASR) is taking an end-to-end approach. Unlike English where the writing system is closely related to sound, Chinese characters (Hanzi) represent meaning, not sound. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Jiahong Yuan , Xingyu Cai , Dongji Gao , Renjie Zheng , Liang Huang , Kenneth Church

In constituency parsing, span-based decoding is an important direction. However, for Chinese sentences, because of their linguistic characteristics, it is necessary to utilize other models to perform word segmentation first, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Zhicheng Wang , Tianyu Shi , Cong Liu

As a special machine translation task, dialect translation has two main characteristics: 1) lack of parallel training corpus; and 2) possessing similar grammar between two sides of the translation. In this paper, we investigate how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Yu Wan , Baosong Yang , Derek F. Wong , Lidia S. Chao , Haihua Du , Ben C. H. Ao

This paper outlines the methodology for modeling tonal learning in fully unsupervised models of human language acquisition. Tonal patterns are among the computationally most complex learning objectives in language. We argue that a realistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Kai Schenck , Gašper Beguš