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IPv6 is being more and more adopted, in part to facilitate the millions of smart devices that have already been installed at home. Unfortunately, we find that the privacy of a substantial fraction of end-users is still at risk, despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Said Jawad Saidi , Oliver Gasser , Georgios Smaragdakis

This paper is focused on privacy issues related to the prefix part of IPv6 addresses. Long-lived prefixes may introduce additional tracking opportunities for communication partners and third parties. We outline a number of prefix alteration…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-11-21 Dominik Herrmann , Christine Arndt , Hannes Federrath

The IPv4 address space is small enough to allow exhaustive active measurement, permitting important insight into Internet growth, policy, and evolution. The IPv6 address space, on the other hand, presents the problem that we can no longer…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-10-25 Stephen D. Strowes

The long-running IPv6 Hitlist service is an important foundation for IPv6 measurement studies. It helps to overcome infeasible, complete address space scans by collecting valuable, unbiased IPv6 address candidates and regularly testing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Johannes Zirngibl , Lion Steger , Patrick Sattler , Oliver Gasser , Georg Carle

There is striking volume of World-Wide Web activity on IPv6 today. In early 2015, one large Content Distribution Network handles 50 billion IPv6 requests per day from hundreds of millions of IPv6 client addresses; billions of unique client…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-10-02 David Plonka , Arthur Berger

As IPv6 deployment accelerates, understanding the evolving security posture of network peripheries becomes increasingly important. A DSN 2021 study introduced the first large-scale discovery of IPv6 network peripheries, uncovering risks…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zixuan Xie , Zitao Yang , Shurui Fang , Zhaoyang Li , Wenxing Xie , Nannan Fu , Liangyu Dong , Xiang Li

Network measurements are an important tool in understanding the Internet. Due to the expanse of the IPv6 address space, exhaustive scans as in IPv4 are not possible for IPv6. In recent years, several studies have proposed the use of target…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Oliver Gasser , Quirin Scheitle , Pawel Foremski , Qasim Lone , Maciej Korczynski , Stephen D. Strowes , Luuk Hendriks , Georg Carle

We present IPvSeeYou, a privacy attack that permits a remote and unprivileged adversary to physically geolocate many residential IPv6 hosts and networks with street-level precision. The crux of our method involves: 1) remotely discovering…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Erik Rye , Robert Beverly

Internet-wide scans are an important tool to evaluate the deployment of services. To enable large-scale application layer scans, a fast, stateless port scan (e.g., using ZMap) is often performed ahead of time to collect responsive targets.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Patrick Sattler , Johannes Zirngibl , Mattijs Jonker , Oliver Gasser , Georg Carle , Ralph Holz

Identifying active IPv6 addresses is challenging. Various methods emerged to master the measurement challenge in this huge address space, including hitlists, new probing techniques, and AI-generated target lists. In this paper, we apply…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Maynard Koch , Raphael Hiesgen , Marcin Nawrocki , Thomas C. Schmidt , Matthias Wählisch

Given the importance of privacy, many Internet protocols are nowadays designed with privacy in mind (e.g., using TLS for confidentiality). Foreseeing all privacy issues at the time of protocol design is, however, challenging and may become…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Olivier van der Toorn , Raffaele Sommese , Anna Sperotto , Roland van Rijswijk-Deij , Mattijs Jonker

Existing methods for active topology discovery within the IPv6 Internet largely mirror those of IPv4. In light of the large and sparsely populated address space, in conjunction with aggressive ICMPv6 rate limiting by routers, this work…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Robert Beverly , Ramakrishnan Durairajan , David Plonka , Justin P. Rohrer

Privacy-minded Internet service operators anonymize IPv6 addresses by truncating them to a fixed length, perhaps due to long-standing use of this technique with IPv4 and a belief that it's "good enough." We claim that simple anonymization…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-07-14 David Plonka , Arthur Berger

We consider the problem of discovering the IPv6 network periphery, i.e., the last hop router connecting endhosts in the IPv6 Internet. Finding the IPv6 periphery using active probing is challenging due to the IPv6 address space size, wide…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Erik C. Rye , Robert Beverly

Active network measurements constitute an impor- tant part in gaining a better understanding of the Internet. Although IPv4-wide scans are now easily possible, random active probing is infeasible in the IPv6 Internet. Therefore, we propose…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-19 Oliver Gasser , Quirin Scheitle , Sebastian Gebhard , Georg Carle

The discovery of active IPv6 addresses represents a pivotal challenge in IPv6 network survey, as it is a prerequisite for downstream tasks such as network topology measurements and security analysis. With the rapid spread of IPv6 networks…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Zhichao Zhang , Zhaoxin Zhang , Yanan Cheng , Ning Li

Wireless networks have become an integral part of our daily lives and lately there is increased concern about privacy and protecting the identity of individual users. In this paper we address the evolution of privacy measures in Wi-Fi probe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Tomas Bravenec , Joaquín Torres-Sospedra , Michael Gould , Tomas Fryza

Active Internet measurements face challenges when some measurements require many remote vantage points. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for measuring remote IPv6 networks via side channels in ICMP rate limiting, a required…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Long Pan , Jiahai Yang , Lin He , Zhiliang Wang , Leyao Nie , Guanglei Song , Yaozhong Liu

Since the standardization of IPv6 in 1998, both versions of the Internet Protocol have coexisted in the Internet. Clients usually run algorithms such as Happy Eyeballs, to decide whether to connect to an IPv4 or IPv6 endpoint for dual-stack…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Fariba Osali , Khwaja Zubair Sediqi , Oliver Gasser

Internet censorship impacts large segments of the Internet, but so far, prior work has focused almost exclusively on performing measurements using IPv4. As the Internet grows, and more users connect, IPv6 is increasingly supported and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ian Martiny , Hammas Bin Tanveer , Jack Wampler , Rishab Nithyanand , Eric Wustrow
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