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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a popular tool for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction in data analysis. There is a probabilistic version of PCA, known as Probabilistic PCA (PPCA). However, standard PCA and PPCA are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Bowen Zhao , Xi Xiao , Wanpeng Zhang , Bin Zhang , Shutao Xia

We consider the Sparse Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) problem under the well-known spiked covariance model. Recent work has shown that the SPCA problem can be reformulated as a Mixed Integer Program (MIP) and can be solved to global…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Kayhan Behdin , Rahul Mazumder

Sparse principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse canonical correlation analysis (CCA) are two essential techniques from high-dimensional statistics and machine learning for analyzing large-scale data. Both problems can be formulated as…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-28 Shixiang Chen , Shiqian Ma , Lingzhou Xue , Hui Zou

The implementation of conventional sparse principal component analysis (SPCA) on high-dimensional data sets has become a time consuming work. In this paper, a series of subspace projections are constructed efficiently by using Household QR…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-12-09 Cong Xu , Min Yang , Jin Zhang

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical method for dimensionality reduction based on extracting the dominant eigenvectors of the sample covariance matrix. However, PCA is well known to behave poorly in the ``large $p$, small $n$''…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-26 Arash A. Amini , Martin J. Wainwright

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (SPCA) is a fundamental technique for dimensionality reduction, and is NP-hard. In this paper, we introduce a randomized approximation algorithm for SPCA, which is based on the basic SDP relaxation. Our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Alberto Del Pia , Dekun Zhou

Principal component regression (PCR) is a two-stage procedure that selects some principal components and then constructs a regression model regarding them as new explanatory variables. Note that the principal components are obtained from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-12 Shuichi Kawano , Hironori Fujisawa , Toyoyuki Takada , Toshihiko Shiroishi

Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis (SCCA) is a fundamental statistical tool for identifying linear relationships in high-dimensional, multi-view data. While minimax theory establishes an optimal sample complexity scaling additively with…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Mengchu Xu , Jian Wang , Yonina C. Eldar

Sparse PCA is one of the most well-studied problems in high-dimensional statistics. In this problem, we are given samples from a distribution with covariance $\Sigma$, whose top eigenvector $v \in R^d$ is $s$-sparse. Existing sparse PCA…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Syamantak Kumar , Purnamrita Sarkar , Kevin Tian , Peiyuan Zhang

Principal components analysis (PCA) is a classical method for the reduction of dimensionality of data in the form of n observations (or cases) of a vector with p variables. For a simple model of factor analysis type, it is proved that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-01-29 Iain M Johnstone , Arthur Yu Lu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used dimensionality reduction tools in data analysis. The PCA direction is a linear combination of all features with nonzero loadings -- this impedes interpretability. Sparse PCA…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-18 Santanu S. Dey , Rahul Mazumder , Guanyi Wang

Principal component analysis (PCA) aims at estimating the direction of maximal variability of a high-dimensional dataset. A natural question is: does this task become easier, and estimation more accurate, when we exploit additional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-19 Andrea Montanari , Emile Richard

Sparse principal component analysis (sparse PCA) is a widely used technique for dimensionality reduction in multivariate analysis, addressing two key limitations of standard PCA. First, sparse PCA can be implemented in high-dimensional low…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Jan O. Bauer

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a popular matrix factorization approach based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that combines variance maximization and sparsity with the ultimate goal of improving data interpretation. When…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-19 J. Camacho , A. K. Smilde , E. Saccenti , J. A. Westerhuis

We propose a general algorithmic framework for Bayesian model selection. A spike-and-slab Laplacian prior is introduced to model the underlying structural assumption. Using the notion of effective resistance, we derive an EM-type algorithm…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-19 Youngseok Kim , Chao Gao

We study distributed principal component analysis (PCA) in high-dimensional settings under the spiked model. In such regimes, sample eigenvectors can deviate significantly from population ones, introducing a persistent bias. Existing…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-29 Weiming Li , Zeng Li , Siyu Wang , Yanqing Yin , Junpeng Zhu

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sparse PCA) is a fundamental dimension-reduction tool that enhances interpretability in various high-dimensional settings. An important variant of sparse PCA studies the scenario when samples are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-11-11 Yuqing He , Guanyi Wang , Yu Yang

Given a sample covariance matrix, we examine the problem of maximizing the variance explained by a linear combination of the input variables while constraining the number of nonzero coefficients in this combination. This is known as sparse…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-12-24 Youwei Zhang , Alexandre d'Aspremont , Laurent El Ghaoui

Stochastic principal component analysis (SPCA) has become a popular dimensionality reduction strategy for large, high-dimensional datasets. We derive a simplified algorithm, called Lazy SPCA, which has reduced computational complexity and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-22 Michael Wojnowicz , Dinh Nguyen , Li Li , Xuan Zhao

Principal component analysis (PCA) is very popular to perform dimension reduction. The selection of the number of significant components is essential but often based on some practical heuristics depending on the application. Only few works…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-19 Clément Elvira , Pierre Chainais , Nicolas Dobigeon