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Training code-switched language models is difficult due to lack of data and complexity in the grammatical structure. Linguistic constraint theories have been used for decades to generate artificial code-switching sentences to cope with this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Genta Indra Winata , Andrea Madotto , Chien-Sheng Wu , Pascale Fung

Historical linguists have identified multiple forms of lexical semantic change. We present a three-dimensional framework for integrating these forms and a unified computational methodology for evaluating them concurrently. The dimensions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Naomi Baes , Nick Haslam , Ekaterina Vylomova

Unsupervised sentence embeddings task aims to convert sentences to semantic vector representations. Most previous works directly use the sentence representations derived from pretrained language models. However, due to the token bias in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Junlong Liu , Xichen Shang , Huawen Feng , Junhao Zheng , Qianli Ma

Word embeddings capture semantic relationships based on contextual information and are the basis for a wide variety of natural language processing applications. Notably these relationships are solely learned from the data and subsequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Stephanie Brandl , David Lassner , Maximilian Alber

Lexical substitution, i.e. generation of plausible words that can replace a particular target word in a given context, is an extremely powerful technology that can be used as a backbone of various NLP applications, including word sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Nikolay Arefyev , Boris Sheludko , Alexander Podolskiy , Alexander Panchenko

Languages continually evolve in response to societal events, resulting in new terms and shifts in meanings. These changes have significant implications for computer applications, including automatic translation and chatbots, making it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Jader Martins Camboim de Sá , Marcos Da Silveira , Cédric Pruski

Cross-language learning allows us to use training data from one language to build models for a different language. Many approaches to bilingual learning require that we have word-level alignment of sentences from parallel corpora. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-02-07 Sarath Chandar A P , Stanislas Lauly , Hugo Larochelle , Mitesh M. Khapra , Balaraman Ravindran , Vikas Raykar , Amrita Saha

The ability to extract high-quality translation dictionaries from monolingual word embedding spaces depends critically on the geometric similarity of the spaces -- their degree of "isomorphism." We address the root-cause of faulty…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Kelly Marchisio , Neha Verma , Kevin Duh , Philipp Koehn

Understanding the meaning of words is crucial for many tasks that involve human-machine interaction. This has been tackled by research in Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field. Recently, WSD and many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-26 María G. Buey , Carlos Bobed , Jorge Gracia , Eduardo Mena

Existing methods to measure sentence similarity are faced with two challenges: (1) labeled datasets are usually limited in size, making them insufficient to train supervised neural models; (2) there is a training-test gap for unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Xiaofei Sun , Yuxian Meng , Xiang Ao , Fei Wu , Tianwei Zhang , Jiwei Li , Chun Fan

Self-supervised sentence representation learning is the task of constructing an embedding space for sentences without relying on human annotation efforts. One straightforward approach is to finetune a pretrained language model (PLM) with a…

Spoken Language Models (SLMs) aim to learn linguistic competence directly from speech using discrete units, widening access to Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies for languages with limited written resources. However, progress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Adel Moumen , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C. Woodland

Existing research for image text retrieval mainly relies on sentence-level supervision to distinguish matched and mismatched sentences for a query image. However, semantic mismatch between an image and sentences usually happens in finer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zhihao Fan , Zhongyu Wei , Zejun Li , Siyuan Wang , Haijun Shan , Xuanjing Huang , Jianqing Fan

Code-switching (CS) phenomenon occurs when words or phrases from different languages are alternated in a single sentence. Due to data scarcity, building an effective CS Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system remains challenging. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Yu Xi , Wen Ding , Kai Yu , Junjie Lai

In this work, we present our approach for solving the SemEval 2021 Task 2: Multilingual and Cross-lingual Word-in-Context Disambiguation (MCL-WiC). The task is a sentence pair classification problem where the goal is to detect whether a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Rohan Gupta , Jay Mundra , Deepak Mahajan , Ashutosh Modi

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) raised concerns over potential misuse, such as for spreading misinformation. In response two counter measures emerged: machine learning-based detectors that predict if text is synthetic,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 David Khachaturov , Robert Mullins , Ilia Shumailov , Sumanth Dathathri

Automatically highlighting words that cause semantic differences between two documents could be useful for a wide range of applications. We formulate recognizing semantic differences (RSD) as a token-level regression task and study three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Jannis Vamvas , Rico Sennrich

Great progress has been made in unsupervised bilingual lexicon induction (UBLI) by aligning the source and target word embeddings independently trained on monolingual corpora. The common assumption of most UBLI models is that the embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Hailong Cao , Tiejun Zhao

Meaning is the foundation stone of intercultural communication. Languages are continuously changing, and words shift their meanings for various reasons. Semantic divergence in related languages is a key concern of historical linguistics. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Ana-Sabina Uban , Alina-Maria Ciobanu , Liviu P. Dinu

Lexical semantics is concerned with both the multiple senses a word can adopt in different contexts, and the semantic relations that exist between meanings of different words. To investigate them, Contextualized Language Models are a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Bastien Liétard , Gabriel Loiseau
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