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In recent years, the advancement of quantum computing technology has posed potential security threats to RSA cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography. In response, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Abel C. H. Chen

Quantum computing promises potential for science and industry by solving certain computationally complex problems faster than classical computers. Quantum computing systems evolved from monolithic systems towards modular architectures…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-15 Nishant Saurabh , Shantenu Jha , Andre Luckow

Quantum Computers offer an intriguing challenge in modern Computer Science. With the inevitable physical limitations to Moore's Law, quantum hardware provides avenues to solve grander problems faster by utilizing Quantum Mechanical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Samuel T. Bieberich , Ketan C. Maheshwari , Sean R. Wilkinson , Prasanna Date , In-Saeng Suh , Rafael Ferreira da Silva

The machinery of industrial environments was connected to the Internet years ago with the scope of increasing their performance. However, this change made such environments vulnerable against cyber-attacks that can compromise their correct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Javier Oliva del Moral , Antonio deMarti iOlius , Gerard Vidal , Pedro M. Crespo , Josu Etxezarreta Martinez

Quantum computing becomes more of a reality as time passes, bringing several cybersecurity challenges. Modern cryptography is based on the computational complexity of specific mathematical problems, but as new quantum-based computers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Javier Junquera-Sánchez , Carlos Hernando-Ramiro , Óscar Gamallo-Palomares , José-Antonio Gómez-Sánchez

Large-scale quantum computing is a significant threat to classical public-key cryptography. In strong "quantum access" security models, numerous symmetric-key cryptosystems are also vulnerable. We consider classical encryption in a model…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-14 Gorjan Alagic , Stacey Jeffery , Maris Ozols , Alexander Poremba

The implications of sufficiently large quantum computers for widely used public-key cryptography is well-documented and increasingly discussed by the security community. An April 2016 report by the National Institute of Standards and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-09-17 David Ott , Christopher Peikert , other workshop participants

Technological advancements of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Techniques (DLTs) promise to provide significant advantages to applications seeking transparency, redundancy, and accountability. Actual adoption of these emerging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Nivedita Dey , Mrityunjay Ghosh , Amlan Chakrabarti

Methods of quantum mechanics promise information-theoretic security for various protocols in cryptography. However, impossibility of some cryptographic applications such as standard bit commitment, oblivious transfer, multiparty secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-03 Muhammad Nadeem

Post-quantum cryptography currently rests on a small number of hardness assumptions, posing significant risks should any one of them be compromised. This vulnerability motivates the search for new and cryptographically versatile assumptions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Jonathan Z. Lu , Alexander Poremba , Yihui Quek , Akshar Ramkumar

Quantum public-key encryption (PKE), where public-keys and/or ciphertexts can be quantum states, is an important primitive in quantum cryptography. Unlike classical PKE (e.g., RSA or ECC), quantum PKE can leverage quantum-secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Nishant Rodrigues , Walter O. Krawec , Brad Lackey , Deb Mukhopadhyay , Bing Wang

Cryptography plays an important role in ensuring data security and authentication within information processing systems. As the prevalence of digital imagery continues to grow, safeguarding this form of data becomes increasingly crucial.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-27 Rakesh Saini , Bikash K. Behera , Saif Al-Kuwari , Ahmed Farouk

As quantum computing technology matures, it poses a threat to the security of mainstream asymmetric cryptographic methods. In response, the National Institute of Standards and Technology released the final version of post-quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Abel C. H. Chen

Blind quantum computing (BQC) is a computational paradigm that allows a client with limited quantum capabilities to delegate quantum computations to a more powerful server while keeping both the algorithm and data hidden. However, in…

Quantum computers and quantum algorithms have made great strides in the last few years and promise improvements over classical computing for specific tasks. Although the current hardware is not yet ready to make real impacts at the time of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-28 Nils Quetschlich , Tobias Forster , Adrian Osterwind , Domenik Helms , Robert Wille

The software engineering community is facing challenges from quantum computers (QCs). In the era of quantum computing, Shor's algorithm running on QCs can break asymmetric encryption algorithms that classical computers practically cannot.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Lei Zhang , Andriy Miranskyy , Walid Rjaibi , Greg Stager , Michael Gray , John Peck

Quantum computing presents a double-edged sword: while it has the potential to revolutionize fields such as artificial intelligence, optimization, healthcare, and so on, it simultaneously poses a threat to current cryptographic systems,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ainaz Jamshidi , Khushdeep Kaur , Aryya Gangopadhyay , Lei Zhang

Modern programming relies on our ability to treat preprogrammed functions as black boxes - we can invoke them as subroutines without knowing their physical implementation. Here we show it is generally impossible to execute an unknown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-11 Jayne Thompson , Mile Gu , Kavan Modi , Vlatko Vedral

Recent computations involving quantum processing units (QPUs) have demonstrated a series of challenges inherent to hybrid classical-quantum programming, compilation, execution, and verification and validation. Despite considerable progress,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-24 Alexander McCaskey , Eugene Dumitrescu , Dmitry Liakh , Travis Humble

A Post-Quantum Key Exchange is needed since the availability of quantum computers that allegedly allow breaking classical algorithms like Diffie-Hellman, El Gamal, RSA and others within a practical amount of time is broadly assumed in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-22 G. Brands , C. B. Roellgen , K. U. Vogel