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Kepler seeks to detect sequences of transits of Earth-size exoplanets orbiting Solar-like stars. Such transit signals are on the order of 100 ppm. The high photometric precision demanded by Kepler requires detailed knowledge of how the…

Space missions designed for high precision photometric monitoring of stars often under-sample the point-spread function, with much of the light landing within a single pixel. Missions like MOST, Kepler, BRITE, and TESS, do this to avoid…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-09-27 Dmitry Vorobiev , Alexis Irwin , Zoran Ninkov , Kevan Donlon , Douglas Caldwell , Stefan Mochnacki

Space missions designed for high precision photometric monitoring of stars often under-sample the point-spread function, with much of the light landing within a single pixel. Missions like MOST, Kepler, BRITE, and TESS, do this to avoid…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-21 Dmitry Vorobiev , Zoran Ninkov , Douglas Caldwell , Stefan Mochnacki

The original Kepler mission achieved high photometric precision thanks to ultra-stable pointing enabled by use of four reaction wheels. The loss of two of these reaction wheels reduced the telescope's ability to point precisely for extended…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-06 Andrew Vanderburg , John Asher Johnson

Astronomical observations are affected by several kinds of noise, each with its own causal source; there is photon noise, stochastic source variability, and residuals coming from imperfect calibration of the detector or telescope. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-29 Dun Wang , David W. Hogg , Dan Foreman-Mackey , Bernhard Schölkopf

Kepler Mission's single-band photometry suffers from astrophysical false positives, the most common of background eclipsing binaries (BEBs) and companion transiting planets (CTPs). Multi-color photometry can reveal the color-dependent depth…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-08 Mu-Tian Wang , Hui-Gen Liu , Jiapeng Zhu , Ji-Lin Zhou

Precision measurements in astronomy require stringent control of systematics such as those arising from imperfect correction of sensor effects. In this work, we develop a parametric method to model the wavelength dependence of pixel…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-08 Zun Luo , Wei Du , Baocun Chen , Xianmin Meng , Hu Zhan

Kepler's immense photometric precision to date was maintained through satellite stability and precise pointing. In this white paper, we argue that image modeling--fitting the Kepler-downlinked raw pixel data--can vastly improve the…

NASA's \textit{Kepler} primary mission observed about 116 $deg^2$ in the sky for 3.5 consecutive years to discover Earth-like exoplanets. This mission recorded pixel cutouts, known as Target Pixel Files (TPFs), of over $200,000$ targets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-30 Jorge Martinez-Palomera , Christina Hedges , Jessie Dotson

We report on the properties of eclipsing binaries from the Kepler mission with a newly developed photometric modeling code, which uses the light curve, spectral energy distribution of each binary, and stellar evolution models to infer…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 Diana Windemuth , Eric Agol , Aleezah Ali , Flavien Kiefer

NASA's Kepler, K2 and TESS missions employ Simple Aperture Photometry (SAP) to derive time-series photometry, where an aperture is estimated for each star, and pixels containing each star are summed to create a single light curve. This…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-25 Christina Hedges , Rodrigo Luger , Jorge Martinez Palomera , Jessie Dotson , Geert Barentsen

(Abbreviated) Kepler planet candidates require both spectroscopic and imaging follow-up observations to rule out false positives and detect blended stars. [...] In this paper, we examine a sample of 11 Kepler host stars with companions…

Photometry from the Kepler mission is optimized to detect small, short duration signals like planet transits at the expense of long-term trends. This long-term variability can be recovered in photometry from the Full Frame Images (FFIs), a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-27 Benjamin T. Montet , Guadalupe Tovar , Daniel Foreman-Mackey

Microlens parallax measurements combining space-based and ground-based observatories can be used to study planetary demographics. In recent years, the Spitzer Space Telescope was used as a microlens parallax satellite. Meanwhile,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-12 Lisa Dang , Sebastiano Calchi Novati , Sean Carey , Nicolas B. Cowan

Pixel lensing, gravitational microlensing of unresolved stars, is potentially much more sensitive and much more widely applicable than is generally recognized. I give explicit expressions for the pixel noise induced by a time-variable PSF,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Andrew Gould

The convolution of galaxy images by the point-spread function (PSF) is the dominant source of bias for weak gravitational lensing studies, and an accurate estimate of the PSF is required to obtain unbiased shape measurements. The PSF…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Martin Eriksen , Henk Hoekstra

Recent surveys monitoring millions of light curves of resolved stars in the LMC have discovered several microlensing events. Unresolved stars could however significantly contribute to the microlensing rate towards the LMC. Monitoring…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 A. -L. Melchior

The Kepler Mission has provided unprecedented, nearly continuous photometric data of $\sim$200,000 objects in the $\sim$105 deg$^{2}$ field of view from the beginning of science operations in May of 2009 until the loss of the second…

Filled arrays of bolometers are currently being employed for use in astronomy from the far-infrared through millimeter parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because of the large range of wavelengths for which such detectors are applicable,…

In this paper, we explore the astrophysical implications of near-field microlensing and its effects on stellar transit observations, with a special emphasis on the Kepler mission. Kepler is a NASA-approved mission whose goal is to detect a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Kailash C. Sahu , Ronald L. Gilliland
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