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Sophisticated analysis of modern large-scale structure surveys requires mock catalogs. Mock catalogs are used to optimize survey design, test reduction and analysis pipelines, make theoretical predictions for basic observables and propagate…
A new method for measuring the large-scale structure of the Galactic magnetic field is presented. The Galactic magnetic field has been probed through the Galactic disk with near-infrared starlight polarimetry, however the distance to each…
We summarize some of the compelling new scientific opportunities for understanding stars and stellar systems that can be enabled by sub-milliarcsec (sub-mas) angular resolution, UV-Optical spectral imaging observations, which can reveal the…
We use cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of Milky-Way-mass galaxies from the FIRE project to evaluate various strategies for estimating the mass of a galaxy's stellar halo from deep, integrated-light images. We find good agreement…
In recent years, there has been a proliferation of wide-field sky surveys to search for a variety of transient objects. Using relatively short focal lengths, the optics of these systems produce undersampled stellar images often marred by a…
The polarization modes of the cosmological microwave background are an invaluable source of information for cosmology, and a unique window to probe the energy scale of inflation. Extracting such information from microwave surveys requires…
Chemical element mapping is an imaging tool that provides essential information on composite materials and it is crucial for a broad range of fields ranging from fundamental science to numerous applications. Methods that exploit x-ray…
We propose two detection techniques that take advantage of a small sky area approximation and are based on modifications of the "internal linear combination" (ILC) method, an approach widely used in Cosmology for the separation of the…
The surface structure of the magnetic field in stars is one part of the information about the surface inhomogeneities like brightness, movement or chemical composition, which is contained in the integral radiation flux but distorted beyond…
The detection of exoplanets in coronographic images is severely limited by residual starlight speckles. Dedicated post-processing can drastically reduce this "stellar leakage" and thereby increase the faintness of detectable exoplanets.…
The formation of late-type galaxies has traditionally been described via two pathways: one producing pressure-supported classical bulges, the other rotationally supported pseudo-bulges. Early studies relied on photometric decompositions…
Aims. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new post-processing algorithm dedicated to the reconstruction of the spatial distribution of light received from off-axis sources, in particular from circumstellar disks. Methods. Built on…
Context: Planets outside our solar system transiting their host star, i. e. those with an orbital inclination near 90 degree, are of special interest to derive physical properties of extrasolar planets. With the knowledge of the host star's…
We retrieve depth information (moments) of an object using partially coherent fields and defocus induced holographic contrast. Our analysis leads to a form of tomography that does not require sample or source rotation. The tomography method…
Radio weak lensing, while a highly promising complementary probe to optical weak lensing, will require incredible precision in the measurement of galaxy shape parameters. In this paper, we extend the Bayesian Inference for Radio…
We compute the molecular line emission of massive protostellar disks by solving the equation of radiative transfer through the cores and disks produced by the recent radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of Krumholz, Klein, & McKee. We find…
We present a new implementation of the magnetic Doppler imaging technique, which aims at self-consistent temperature and magnetic mapping of the surface structures in cool active stars. Our magnetic imaging procedure is unique in its…
In this paper, we calculate simulated scattered light images of a circumstellar disk in which a planet is forming by gravitational instability. The simulated images bear no correlation to the vertically integrated surface density of the…
Unsupervised learning makes manifest the underlying structure of data without curated training and specific problem definitions. However, the inference of relationships between data points is frustrated by the `curse of dimensionality' in…
Upcoming and current large astronomical survey experiments often seek to constrain cosmological parameters via measurements of subtle effects such as weak lensing, which can only be measured statistically. In these cases, instrumental…