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In this paper, we study the graph classification problem from the graph homomorphism perspective. We consider the homomorphisms from $F$ to $G$, where $G$ is a graph of interest (e.g. molecules or social networks) and $F$ belongs to some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Hoang NT , Takanori Maehara

We examine ordered graphs, defined as graphs with linearly ordered vertices, from the perspective of homomorphisms (and colorings) and their complexities. We demonstrate the corresponding computational and parameterized complexities, along…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Michal Čertík , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Jaroslav Nešetřil , Paweł Rzążewski

A graph $H$ is said to be common if the number of monochromatic labelled copies of $H$ in a red/blue edge colouring of a large complete graph is asymptotically minimized by a random colouring with an equal proportion of each colour. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Natalie Behague , Natasha Morrison , Jonathan A. Noel

Homomorphically full graphs are those for which every homomorphic image is isomorphic to a subgraph. We extend the definition of homomorphically full to oriented graphs in two different ways. For the first of these, we show that…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Thomas Bellitto , Christopher Duffy , Gary MacGillivray

A graph $G$ covers a graph $H$ if there exists a locally bijective homomorphism from $G$ to $H$. We deal with regular covers where this homomorphism is prescribed by the action of a semiregular subgroup of $\textrm{Aut}(G)$. We study…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-01-31 Jiří Fiala , Pavel Klavík , Jan Kratochvíl , Roman Nedela

Graph homomorphism has been studied intensively. Given an m x m symmetric matrix A, the graph homomorphism function is defined as \[Z_A (G) = \sum_{f:V->[m]} \prod_{(u,v)\in E} A_{f(u),f(v)}, \] where G = (V,E) is any undirected graph. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-10-10 Jin-Yi Cai , Xi Chen , Pinyan Lu

A coloured graph is k-ultrahomogeneous if every isomorphism between two induced subgraphs of order at most k extends to an automorphism. A coloured graph is t-tuple regular if the number of vertices adjacent to every vertex in a set S of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Irene Heinrich , Thomas Schneider , Pascal Schweitzer

We study the problem of counting the number of homomorphisms from an input graph $G$ to a fixed (quantum) graph $\bar{H}$ in any finite field of prime order $\mathbb{Z}_p$. The subproblem with graph $H$ was introduced by Faben and Jerrum…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-08-19 J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski , Andreas Göbel , Katrin Casel , Tobias Friedrich

An $H$-graph is an intersection graph of connected subgraphs of a suitable subdivision of a fixed graph $H$. Many important classes of graphs, including interval graphs, circular-arc graphs, and chordal graphs, can be expressed as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Deniz Ağaoğlu Çağırıcı , Peter Zeman

Recent results show that the structural similarity of graphs can be characterized by counting homomorphisms to them: the Tree Theorem states that the well-known color-refinement algorithm does not distinguish two graphs G and H if and only…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-04-01 Jan Böker

The purpose of this article is to show that even the most elementary problems in asymptotic extremal graph theory can be highly non-trivial. We study linear inequalities between graph homomorphism densities. In the language of quantum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-10-19 Hamed Hatami , Serguei Norine

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be the class of bounded measurable symmetric functions on $[0,1]^2$. For a function $h \in \mathcal{H}$ and a graph $G$ with vertex set $\{v_1,\ldots,v_n\}$ and edge set $E(G)$, define \[ t_G(h) \; = \; \int \cdots \int…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-18 Alexander Sidorenko

For a fixed graph $H$ and for arbitrarily large host graphs $G$, the number of homomorphisms from $H$ to $G$ and the number of subgraphs isomorphic to $H$ contained in $G$ have been extensively studied in extremal graph theory and graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-05 Chun-Hung Liu

Graph mining has become crucial in fields such as social science, finance, and cybersecurity. Many large-scale real-world networks exhibit both heterogeneity, where multiple node and edge types exist in the graph, and heterophily, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Junhong Lin , Xiaojie Guo , Shuaicheng Zhang , Yada Zhu , Julian Shun

For graphs $G$ and $H$, a \emph{homomorphism} from $G$ to $H$ is an edge-preserving mapping from the vertex set of $G$ to the vertex set of $H$. For a fixed graph $H$, by \textsc{Hom($H$)} we denote the computational problem which asks…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Karolina Okrasa , Paweł Rzążewski

A matching in a hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ is a set of pairwise disjoint hyperedges. The matching number $\nu(\mathcal{H})$ of $\mathcal{H}$ is the size of a maximum matching in $\mathcal{H}$. A subset $D$ of vertices of $\mathcal{H}$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-22 Erfang Shan , Yanxia Dong , Liying Kang , Shan Li

Regular colored graphs are dual representations of pure colored D-dimensional complexes. These graphs can be classified with respect to an integer, their degree, much like maps are characterized by the genus. We analyse the structure of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Razvan Gurau , Gilles Schaeffer

For simple graphs $G$ and $H$, the Hom complex $\mathrm{Hom}(G,H)$ is a polyhedral complex whose vertices are the graph homomorphisms $G\to H$ and whose edges connect the pairs of homomorphisms which differ in a single vertex of $G$. Hom…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-08 Soichiro Fujii , Yuni Iwamasa , Kei Kimura , Yuta Nozaki , Akira Suzuki

The problem Cover(H) asks whether an input graph G covers a fixed graph H (i.e., whether there exists a homomorphism G to H which locally preserves the structure of the graphs). Complexity of this problem has been intensively studied. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-08-20 Ondřej Bílka , Jozef Jirásek , Pavel Klavík , Martin Tancer , Jan Volec

The Colouring problem asks whether the vertices of a graph can be coloured with at most $k$ colours for a given integer $k$ in such a way that no two adjacent vertices receive the same colour. A graph is $(H_1,H_2)$-free if it has no…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Konrad Dabrowski , Daniel Paulusma