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An outstanding prediction of general relativity is the fact that the angular momentum $S$ of an isolated black hole with mass $\mu$ is limited by the Kerr bound, $S\leq G\mu^2/c$. Testing this cornerstone is challenging due to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-22 Gabriel Andres Piovano , Andrea Maselli , Paolo Pani

We revisit and clarify the gauge dependence of gravitational waves generated at second order from scalar perturbations. In a universe dominated by a perfect fluid with a constant equation-of-state parameter $w$, we compute the energy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-04-29 Keitaro Tomikawa , Tsutomu Kobayashi

It is known that massive black holes (MBHs) of $10^{5-7}\,M_\odot$ could capture small compact objects to form extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs). Such systems emit gravitational waves (GWs) in the band of the Laser Interferometer Space…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-29 Wen-Biao Han , Xian Chen

Second-order structured deformations of continua provide an extension of the multiscale geometry of first-order structured deformations by taking into account the effects of submacroscopic bending and curving. We derive here an integral…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-05-24 Ana Cristina Barroso , José Matias , Marco Morandotti , David R. Owen

Extreme-mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), compact binaries with small mass ratios $\epsilon\ll 1$, will be important sources for low-frequency gravitational wave detectors. Almost all EMRIs will evolve through important transient orbital…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-10-05 Zachary Nasipak , Charles R. Evans

We investigate electromagnetic, gravitational, and plasma related perturbations to first order on homogeneous and hypersurface orthogonal locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) class II spacetimes. Due to the anisotropic nature of the studied…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-10 Philip Semrén

Second-order tensor modes induced by nonlinear gravity are a key component of the cosmological background of gravitational waves. A detection of this background would allow us to probe the primordial power spectrum at otherwise inaccessible…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-05 Atsuhisa Ota , Hayley J. Macpherson , William R. Coulton

Extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) detectable by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna are unique probes of the nature of supermassive compact objects. We compute the gravitational-wave signal emitted by a stellar-mass compact object in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-16 Elisa Maggio , Maarten van de Meent , Paolo Pani

We study the second-order perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter Universe in synchronous coordinate. We solve the second-order perturbed Einstein equation with scalar-tensor, and tensor-tensor couplings between 1st order perturbations, and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-06 Yang Zhang , Fei Qin , Bo Wang

The study of long wavelength scalar perturbations, in particular the existence of conserved quantities when the perturbations are adiabatic, plays an important role in e.g. inflationary cosmology. In this paper we present some new conserved…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-07 Claes Uggla , John Wainwright

Gravitational wave observations of the inspiral of stellar-mass compact objects into massive black holes (MBHs), extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), enable precision measurements of parameters such as the MBH mass and spin. The Laser…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-09 Christian E. A. Chapman-Bird , Christopher P. L. Berry , Graham Woan

Extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) in relativistic accretion discs are a key science target for the upcoming LISA mission. Existing models of disc-EMRI interactions typically rely on crude dynamical friction or Newtonian planetary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-28 Conor Dyson , Daniel J. D'Orazio

We investigate the second-order gravitational scalar perturbations for a barotropic fluid. We derive the effective energy-momentum tensor described by the quadratic terms of the gravitational and the matter perturbations. We show that the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-09-09 Inyong Cho , Jinn-Ouk Gong , Seung Hun Oh

Extreme mass ratio inspirals, in which a stellar-mass object merges with a supermassive black hole, are prime sources for space-based gravitational wave detectors because they will facilitate tests of strong gravity and probe the spacetime…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-02-22 Nicolas Yunes , M. Coleman Miller , Jonathan Thornburg

We describe a model that generates first order adiabatic EMRI waveforms for quasi-circular equatorial inspirals of compact objects into rapidly rotating (near-extremal) black holes. Using our model, we show that LISA could measure the spin…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-04 Ollie Burke , Jonathan R. Gair , Joan Simón , Matthew C. Edwards

Many early universe scenarios predict an enhancement of scalar perturbations at scales currently unconstrained by cosmological probes. These perturbations source gravitational waves (GWs) at second order in perturbation theory, leading to a…

Extreme mass-ratio inspirals pose a difficult challenge in terms of both search and parameter estimation for upcoming space-based gravitational-wave detectors such as LISA. Their signals are long and of complex morphology, meaning they…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-23 Philippa S. Cole , James Alvey , Lorenzo Speri , Christoph Weniger , Uddipta Bhardwaj , Davide Gerosa , Gianfranco Bertone

We examine extreme mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) as probes of beyond-vacuum general relativistic effects, accounting for both astrophysical environments and scalar Gauss-Bonnet (sGB) gravity. In beyond-vacuum scenarios, the evolution of an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-08 Tieguang Zi , Mostafizur Rahman , Shailesh Kumar

Second-order self-force calculations will be critical for modelling extreme-mass-ratio inspirals, and they are now known to have high accuracy even for binaries with mass ratios $\sim 1:10$. Many of the challenges facing these calculations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-29 Rodrigo Panosso Macedo , Patrick Bourg , Adam Pound , Samuel D. Upton

Extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) of ~ 1-10 solar-mass compact objects into ~ million solar-mass massive black holes can serve as excellent probes of strong-field general relativity. The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Jonathan R Gair , Ilya Mandel , Linqing Wen