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Related papers: A Note on the Representation Power of GHHs

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Symmetric functions, which take as input an unordered, fixed-size set, are known to be universally representable by neural networks that enforce permutation invariance. These architectures only give guarantees for fixed input sizes, yet in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Aaron Zweig , Joan Bruna

The universal approximation property of various machine learning models is currently only understood on a case-by-case basis, limiting the rapid development of new theoretically justified neural network architectures and blurring our…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-01 Anastasis Kratsios

We introduce so-called functional input neural networks defined on a possibly infinite dimensional weighted space with values also in a possibly infinite dimensional output space. To this end, we use an additive family to map the input…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-03 Christa Cuchiero , Philipp Schmocker , Josef Teichmann

Despite recent advances in representation learning in hypercomplex (HC) space, this subject is still vastly unexplored in the context of graphs. Motivated by the complex and quaternion algebras, which have been found in several contexts to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Tuan Le , Marco Bertolini , Frank Noé , Djork-Arné Clevert

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used in graph-related contexts. It is known that the separation power of GNNs is equivalent to that of the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) test; hence, GNNs are imperfect at identifying all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Ziang Chen , Qiao Zhang , Runzhong Wang

We give upper bound for several highness properties in computability randomness theory. First, we prove that discrete covering property does not imply the ability to compute a 1-random real, answering a question of Greenberg, Miller and…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-02-03 Lu Liu

In this effort, we derive a formula for the integral representation of a shallow neural network with the ReLU activation function. We assume that the outer weighs admit a finite $L_1$-norm with respect to Lebesgue measure on the sphere. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Armenak Petrosyan , Anton Dereventsov , Clayton Webster

In this study, we investigate whether the representations learned by neural networks possess a privileged and convergent basis. Specifically, we examine the significance of feature directions represented by individual neurons. First, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Davis Brown , Nikhil Vyas , Yamini Bansal

We provide an upper bound on the number of neurons required in a shallow neural network to approximate a continuous function on a compact set with a given accuracy. This method, inspired by a specific proof of the Stone-Weierstrass theorem,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-09 Frantisek Hakl , Vit Fojtik

We study the natural function space for infinitely wide two-layer neural networks with ReLU activation (Barron space) and establish different representation formulae. In two cases, we describe the space explicitly up to isomorphism. Using a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-07 Weinan E , Stephan Wojtowytsch

{\em Hypernetworks} are architectures that produce the weights of a task-specific {\em primary network}. A notable application of hypernetworks in the recent literature involves learning to output functional representations. In these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Etai Littwin , Tomer Galanti , Lior Wolf , Greg Yang

This paper gives a rigorous analysis of trained Generalized Hamming Networks(GHN) proposed by Fan (2017) and discloses an interesting finding about GHNs, i.e., stacked convolution layers in a GHN is equivalent to a single yet wide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-16 Lixin Fan

This thesis addresses the challenge of understanding Neural Networks through the lens of their most fundamental component: the weights, which encapsulate the learned information and determine the model behavior. At the core of this thesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Konstantin Schürholt

A common theoretical approach to understanding neural networks is to take an infinite-width limit, at which point the outputs become Gaussian process (GP) distributed. This is known as a neural network Gaussian process (NNGP). However, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-26 Ben Anson , Edward Milsom , Laurence Aitchison

A recently proposed method in deep learning groups multiple neurons to capsules such that each capsule represents an object or part of an object. Routing algorithms route the output of capsules from lower-level layers to upper-level layers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-20 David Peer , Sebastian Stabinger , Antonio Rodriguez-Sanchez

Neural ODEs and i-ResNet are recently proposed methods for enforcing invertibility of residual neural models. Having a generic technique for constructing invertible models can open new avenues for advances in learning systems, but so far…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Han Zhang , Xi Gao , Jacob Unterman , Tom Arodz

This paper analyzes representations of continuous piecewise linear functions with infinite width, finite cost shallow neural networks using the rectified linear unit (ReLU) as an activation function. Through its integral representation, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Sarah McCarty

This article concerns the expressive power of depth in deep feed-forward neural nets with ReLU activations. Specifically, we answer the following question: for a fixed $d_{in}\geq 1,$ what is the minimal width $w$ so that neural nets with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-03-13 Boris Hanin , Mark Sellke

We study feedforward neural networks with inputs from a topological space (TFNNs). We prove a universal approximation theorem for shallow TFNNs, which demonstrates their capacity to approximate any continuous function defined on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Vugar Ismailov

This paper develops simple feed-forward neural networks that achieve the universal approximation property for all continuous functions with a fixed finite number of neurons. These neural networks are simple because they are designed with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang