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Evidence-based decision-making entails collecting (costly) observations about an underlying phenomenon of interest, and subsequently committing to an (informed) decision on the basis of accumulated evidence. In this setting, active sensing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-26 Daniel Jarrett , Mihaela van der Schaar

Morality plays an important role in social well-being, but people's moral perception is not stable and changes over time. Recent advances in natural language processing have shown that text is an effective medium for informing moral change,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Aida Ramezani , Zining Zhu , Frank Rudzicz , Yang Xu

Understanding how humans revise their beliefs in light of new information is crucial for developing AI systems which can effectively model, and thus align with, human reasoning. While theoretical belief revision frameworks rely on a set of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , Antonio Rago , Maria Vanina Martinez , William Yeoh

We examine the switching dynamics of a stochastic population subjected to a deterministically time-varying environment. Our approach is demonstrated in the realm of ecology on a problem of population establishment. Here, by assuming a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-19 Tom Israeli , Michael Assaf

Human reasoning is shaped by resource rationality -- optimizing performance under constraints. Recently, inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful paradigm to improve the reasoning performance of Large Language Models by expanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhimin Hu , Riya Roshan , Sashank Varma

Human decision-making under uncertainty faces growing challenges from information-based threats that pose risks to human cognitive processes and behavior. Although their potential harm is widely acknowledged, there remains no well-defined…

The emergence and impact of tipping points have garnered significant interest in both the social and natural sciences. Despite widespread recognition of the importance of feedbacks between human and natural systems, it is often assumed that…

This article is a presentation of specific recent results describing scaling limits of individual-based models. Thanks to them, we wish to relate the time-scales typical of demographic dynamics and natural selection to the parameters of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Aurélien Velleret

Biological populations are subject to fluctuating environmental conditions. Different adaptive strategies can allow them to cope with these fluctuations: specialization to one particular environmental condition, adoption of a generalist…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2017-09-27 Andreas Mayer , Thierry Mora , Olivier Rivoire , Aleksandra M. Walczak

The meteoric rise in the adoption of deep neural networks as computational models of vision has inspired efforts to "align" these models with humans. One dimension of interest for alignment includes behavioral choices, but moving beyond…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Lore Goetschalckx , Lakshmi Narasimhan Govindarajan , Alekh Karkada Ashok , Aarit Ahuja , David L. Sheinberg , Thomas Serre

Recent research shows that humans are heavily influenced by online social interactions: We are more likely to perform actions which, in the past, have led to positive social feedback. We introduce a quantitative model of behavior changes in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-07-01 Sanmay Das , Allen Lavoie

Human social behavior is structured by relationships. We form teams, groups, tribes, and alliances at all scales of human life. These structures guide multi-agent cooperation and competition, but when we observe others these underlying…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Michael Shum , Max Kleiman-Weiner , Michael L. Littman , Joshua B. Tenenbaum

Time series models are ubiquitous in science, arising in any situation where researchers seek to understand how a system's behaviour changes over time. A key problem in time series modelling is \emph{inference}; determining properties of…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Michael Clerx , Martin Robinson , Ben Lambert , Chon Lok Lei , Sanmitra Ghosh , Gary R. Mirams , David J. Gavaghan

Counterfactual explanations are increasingly proposed as interpretable mechanisms to achieve algorithmic recourse. However, current counterfactual techniques for time series classification are predominantly designed with static data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Emmanuel C. Chukwu , Rianne M. Schouten , Monique Tabak , Mykola Pechenizkiy

Human knowledge is largely implicit and relational -- do we have a friend in common? can I walk from here to there? In this work, we leverage the combinatorial structure of graphs to quantify human priors over such relational data. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Gecia Bravo-Hermsdorff

High-dimensional data must be highly structured to be learnable. Although the compositional and hierarchical nature of data is often put forward to explain learnability, quantitative measurements establishing these properties are scarce.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Antonio Sclocchi , Alessandro Favero , Noam Itzhak Levi , Matthieu Wyart

Parameters of sub-populations can be more relevant than super-population ones. For example, a healthcare provider may be interested in the effect of a treatment plan for a specific subset of their patients; policymakers may be concerned…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-22 Ying Jin , Dominik Rothenhäusler

Previous human foraging experiments have shown that human groups routinely undermatch environmental resources much like other animal species. In this experiment, we test whether humans also selectively rely on others as information sources…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2012-04-18 Michael E. Roberts , Sam Cheesman , Patrick McMullen

Enquiries concerning the underlying mechanisms and the emergent properties of a biological brain have a long history of theoretical postulates and experimental findings. Today, the scientific community tends to converge to a single…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-01-17 Zafeirios Fountas , Alexey Zakharov

Most human behaviors consist of multiple parts, steps, or subtasks. These structures guide our action planning and execution, but when we observe others, the latent structure of their actions is typically unobservable, and must be inferred…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Ryo Nakahashi , Chris L. Baker , Joshua B. Tenenbaum