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Today's AI still faces two major challenges. One is that in most industries, data exists in the form of isolated islands. The other is the strengthening of data privacy and security. We propose a possible solution to these challenges:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-14 Qiang Yang , Yang Liu , Tianjian Chen , Yongxin Tong

Federated learning performs distributed model training using local data hosted by agents. It shares only model parameter updates for iterative aggregation at the server. Although it is privacy-preserving by design, federated learning is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Yufei Han , Xiangliang Zhang

Federated Learning is a distributed machine-learning environment that allows clients to learn collaboratively without sharing private data. This is accomplished by exchanging parameters. However, the differences in data distributions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Kuang Hangdong , Mi Bo

Federated learning allows us to distributively train a machine learning model where multiple parties share local model parameters without sharing private data. However, parameter exchange may still leak information. Several approaches have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-15 Arup Mondal , Yash More , Ruthu Hulikal Rooparaghunath , Debayan Gupta

Federated Learning (FL) represents a significant advancement in distributed machine learning, enabling multiple participants to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data. This decentralized approach enhances privacy by keeping…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jaydip Sen , Hetvi Waghela , Sneha Rakshit

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine learning approach that has gained attention for its potential to enable collaborative model training across clients while protecting data privacy, making it an attractive solution for the…

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) is a federated learning paradigm where multiple participants, who share the same set of samples but hold different features, jointly train machine learning models. Although VFL enables collaborative machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Lei Yu , Meng Han , Yiming Li , Changting Lin , Yao Zhang , Mingyang Zhang , Yan Liu , Haiqin Weng , Yuseok Jeon , Ka-Ho Chow , Stacy Patterson

In response to growing concerns about user privacy, federated learning has emerged as a promising tool to train statistical models over networks of devices while keeping data localized. Federated learning methods run training tasks directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Zaoxing Liu , Tian Li , Virginia Smith , Vyas Sekar

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm in distributed machine learning, enabling collaborative model training while preserving data privacy. However, despite its many advantages, FL still contends with significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Taotao Wang , Yuxin Jin , Qing Yang , Yihan Xia , Long Shi , Shengli Zhang

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative training without pooling raw data, but standard FL relies on a central coordinator, which introduces a single point of failure and concentrates trust in the orchestration infrastructure.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Edoardo Gabrielli , Anthony Di Pietro , Dario Fenoglio , Giovanni Pica , Gabriele Tolomei

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving machine learning (ML) technology that enables collaborative training and learning of a global ML model based on aggregating distributed local model updates. However, security and privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hao Guo , Collin Meese , Wanxin Li , Chien-Chung Shen , Mark Nejad

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm in which many clients cooperatively train a single centralized model while keeping their data private and decentralized. FL is commonly used in edge computing, which involves placing…

Federated learning is a distributed machine learning approach in which a single server and multiple clients collaboratively build machine learning models without sharing datasets on clients. A challenging issue of federated learning is data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Koji Matsuda , Yuya Sasaki , Chuan Xiao , Makoto Onizuka

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the way computers understand and process human language, but using them effectively across different organizations remains still difficult. When organizations work together to improve LLMs, they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Xuhan Zuo , Minghao Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Shui Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Federated Learning (FL) bridges the gap between collaborative machine learning and preserving data privacy. To sustain the long-term operation of an FL ecosystem, it is important to attract high quality data owners with appropriate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Zelei Liu , Yuanyuan Chen , Han Yu , Yang Liu , Lizhen Cui

Federated learning (FL) is a promising distributed framework for collaborative artificial intelligence model training while protecting user privacy. A bootstrapping component that has attracted significant research attention is the design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Guangjing Huang , Xu Chen , Tao Ouyang , Qian Ma , Lin Chen , Junshan Zhang

Federated learning is a promising distributed learning paradigm that enables collaborative model training without exposing local client data, thereby protecting data privacy. However, it also brings new threats and challenges. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Nina Cai , Jinguang Han , Weizhi Meng

Federated learning is a promising privacy-preserving paradigm for distributed machine learning. In this context, there is sometimes a need for a specialized process called machine unlearning, which is required when the effect of some…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Heng Xu , Tianqing Zhu , Lefeng Zhang , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple participants to collaboratively train machine learning models while ensuring their data remains private and secure. Blockchain technology further enhances FL by providing stronger security, a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Tianxing Fu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min , Zi Wang

Federated learning is fast becoming a popular paradigm for applications involving mobile devices, banking systems, healthcare, and IoT systems. Hence, over the past five years, researchers have undertaken extensive studies on the privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Linlin Wang , Tianqing Zhu , Wanlei Zhou , Philip S. Yu