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The self-attention mechanism in Transformer architecture, invariant to sequence order, necessitates positional embeddings to encode temporal order in time series prediction. We argue that this reliance on positional embeddings restricts the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Yongbo Yu , Weizhong Yu , Feiping Nie , Xuelong Li

The transformer architecture predominates across various models. As the heart of the transformer, attention has a computational complexity of $O(N^2)$, compared to $O(N)$ for linear transformations. When handling large sequence lengths,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jintao Zhang , Jia Wei , Haofeng Huang , Pengle Zhang , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Self-attention based Transformer has demonstrated the state-of-the-art performances in a number of natural language processing tasks. Self-attention is able to model long-term dependencies, but it may suffer from the extraction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Guangxiang Zhao , Junyang Lin , Zhiyuan Zhang , Xuancheng Ren , Qi Su , Xu Sun

Transformers have emerged as a preferred model for many tasks in natural langugage processing and vision. Recent efforts on training and deploying Transformers more efficiently have identified many strategies to approximate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Zhanpeng Zeng , Sourav Pal , Jeffery Kline , Glenn M Fung , Vikas Singh

Prior works have proposed several strategies to reduce the computational cost of self-attention mechanism. Many of these works consider decomposing the self-attention procedure into regional and local feature extraction procedures that each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Ting Yao , Yehao Li , Yingwei Pan , Yu Wang , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Tao Mei

Transformers, renowned for their self-attention mechanism, have achieved state-of-the-art performance across various tasks in natural language processing, computer vision, time-series modeling, etc. However, one of the challenges with deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jeongwhan Choi , Hyowon Wi , Jayoung Kim , Yehjin Shin , Kookjin Lee , Nathaniel Trask , Noseong Park

Structured data, which constitutes a significant portion of existing data types, has been a long-standing research topic in the field of machine learning. Various representation learning methods for tabular data have been proposed, ranging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jayoung Kim , Yehjin Shin , Jeongwhan Choi , Hyowon Wi , Noseong Park

Group equivariant neural networks are used as building blocks of group invariant neural networks, which have been shown to improve generalisation performance and data efficiency through principled parameter sharing. Such works have mostly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Michael Hutchinson , Charline Le Lan , Sheheryar Zaidi , Emilien Dupont , Yee Whye Teh , Hyunjik Kim

Although transformers have become the neural architectures of choice for natural language processing, they require orders of magnitude more training data, GPU memory, and computations in order to compete with convolutional neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Pranav Jeevan , Amit Sethi

Transformer-based architectures are the most used architectures in many deep learning fields like Natural Language Processing, Computer Vision or Speech processing. It may encourage the direct use of Transformers in the constrained tasks,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Youness Dkhissi , Valentin Vielzeuf , Elys Allesiardo , Anthony Larcher

We present a convolution-free approach to video classification built exclusively on self-attention over space and time. Our method, named "TimeSformer," adapts the standard Transformer architecture to video by enabling spatiotemporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Gedas Bertasius , Heng Wang , Lorenzo Torresani

Transformers face quadratic complexity and memory issues with long sequences, prompting the adoption of linear attention mechanisms using fixed-size hidden states. However, linear models often suffer from limited recall performance, leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Dustin Wang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Steven Abreu , Yong Shan , Taylor Kergan , Yuqi Pan , Yuhong Chou , Zheng Li , Ge Zhang , Wenhao Huang , Jason Eshraghian

The great success of Transformer-based models benefits from the powerful multi-head self-attention mechanism, which learns token dependencies and encodes contextual information from the input. Prior work strives to attribute model decisions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Yaru Hao , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Ke Xu

On a wide range of natural language processing and information retrieval tasks, transformer-based models, particularly pre-trained language models like BERT, have demonstrated tremendous effectiveness. Due to the quadratic complexity of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Minghan Li , Diana Nicoleta Popa , Johan Chagnon , Yagmur Gizem Cinar , Eric Gaussier

The attention mechanism is the computational core of modern Transformer architectures, but its quadratic complexity in the input sequence length is the bottleneck for large-scale inference. This has motivated a rapidly growing body of work…

The analysis of long sequence data remains challenging in many real-world applications. We propose a novel architecture, ChunkFormer, that improves the existing Transformer framework to handle the challenges while dealing with long time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Yue Ju , Alka Isac , Yimin Nie

The transformer architecture has driven breakthroughs in recent years on tasks which require modeling pairwise relationships between sequential elements, as is the case in natural language understanding. However, long seqeuences pose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Heejun Lee , Jina Kim , Jeffrey Willette , Sung Ju Hwang

In this paper, we show that a simple self-supervised pre-trained audio model can achieve comparable inference efficiency to more complicated pre-trained models with speech transformer encoders. These speech transformers rely on mixing…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Sungho Jeon , Ching-Feng Yeh , Hakan Inan , Wei-Ning Hsu , Rashi Rungta , Yashar Mehdad , Daniel Bikel

The Transformer architecture has revolutionized deep learning, delivering the state-of-the-art performance in areas such as natural language processing, computer vision, and time series prediction. However, its core component,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Haolin Jin , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Xiao Zhang , Dongxiao Yu , Guanghui Zhang , Haoliang Wang

Recently, Transformers have shown promising performance in various vision tasks. To reduce the quadratic computation complexity caused by the global self-attention, various methods constrain the range of attention within a local region to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Sitong Wu , Tianyi Wu , Haoru Tan , Guodong Guo