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The introduction of the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act, the NIST Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework, and related norms demands a better understanding and implementation of novel risk analysis approaches to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Jose Manuel Camacho , Aitor Couce-Vieira , David Arroyo , David Rios Insua

Nowadays, companies are highly exposed to cyber security threats. In many industrial domains, protective measures are being deployed and actively supported by standards. However the global process remains largely dependent on document…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Christophe Ponsard

Safety architectures play a crucial role in the safety assurance of automated driving vehicles (ADVs). They can be used as safety envelopes of black-box ADV controllers, and for graceful degradation from one ODD to another. Building on our…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Clovis Eberhart , Jérémy Dubut , James Haydon , Ichiro Hasuo

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Stochastic hybrid systems have received significant attentions as a relevant modelling framework describing many systems, from engineering to the life sciences: they enable the study of numerous applications, including transportation…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Abolfazl Lavaei , Sadegh Soudjani , Alessandro Abate , Majid Zamani

The large-scale deployment of automated vehicles on public roads has the potential to vastly change the transportation modalities of today's society. Although this pursuit has been initiated decades ago, there still exist open challenges in…

This survey presents an overview of verification techniques for autonomous systems, with a focus on safety-critical autonomous cyber-physical systems (CPS) and subcomponents thereof. Autonomy in CPS is enabling by recent advances in…

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) promise improved transportation efficiency and safety, yet ensuring their reliability in complex real-world environments remains a critical challenge. Effective testing is essential to validate ADS…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yihan Liao , Jingyu Zhang , Jacky Keung , Yan Xiao , Yurou Dai

The automotive domain is shifting to software-centric development to meet regulation, market pressure, and feature velocity. This shift increases embedded systems' complexity and strains testing capacity. Despite relevant standards, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Denesa Zyberaj , Pascal Hirmer , Marco Aiello , Stefan Wagner

The automotive industry is undergoing a software-as-a-service transformation that enables software-defined functions and post-sale updates via cloud and vehicle-to-everything communication. Connectivity in cars introduces significant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Timo Salomon , Mehmet Mueller , Philipp Meyer , Thomas C. Schmidt

The increased importance of cybersecurity in autonomous machinery is becoming evident in the forestry domain. Forestry worksites are becoming more complex with the involvement of multiple systems and system of systems. Hence, there is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Mazen Mohamad , Ramana Reddy Avula , Peter Folkesson , Pierre Kleberger , Aria Mirzai , Martin Skoglund , Marvin Damschen

Validation of conformance to cybersecurity standards for industrial automation and control systems is an expensive and time consuming process which can delay the time to market. It is therefore crucial to introduce conformance validation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Christian Göttel , Maëlle Kabir-Querrec , David Kozhaya , Thanikesavan Sivanthi , Ognjen Vuković

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly expanded across various sectors, with consumer IoT devices - such as smart thermostats and security cameras - experiencing growth. Although these devices improve efficiency and promise additional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Pascal Schöttle , Matthias Janetschek , Florian Merkle , Martin Nocker , Christoph Egger

Modern cyber-physical systems are operated by complex software that increasingly takes over safety-critical functions. Software enables rapid iterations and continuous delivery of new functionality that meets the ever-changing expectations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Carmen Cârlan , Daniel Ratiu , Michael Wagner

For a successful market launch of automated vehicles (AVs), proof of their safety is essential. Due to the open parameter space, an infinite number of traffic situations can occur, which makes the proof of safety an unsolved problem. With…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Thomas Ponn , Matthias Breitfuß , Xiao Yu , Frank Diermeyer

Ensuring the safe and efficient operation of CAVs relies heavily on the software framework used. A software framework needs to ensure real-time properties, reliable communication, and efficient resource utilization. Furthermore, a software…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-07 David Klüner , Simon Schäfer , Lucas Hegerath , Jianye Xu , Julius Kahle , Hazem Ibrahim , Alexandru Kampmann , Bassam Alrifaee

Virtual testing of automated driving systems (ADS) has become an essential part of testing procedures for all automation levels. As ADS from automation level 3 and up are very complex, virtual testing for such systems is inevitable. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Demin Nalic , Aleksa Pandurevic , Arno Eichberger , Branko Rogic

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) such as autonomous cars, aircraft, and robots are often also safety-critical; thus it is imperative that they operate as intended with a high degree of certainty. Formal verification has been employed to verify…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Serra Z. Dane , Jiawei Chen , Marc Pouzet , Jean-Baptiste Jeannin

With growing complexity and responsibility of automated driving functions in road traffic and growing scope of their operational design domains, there is increasing demand for covering significant parts of development, validation, and…

Automated Driving Systems (ADS) hold great potential to increase safety, mobility, and equity. However, without public acceptance, none of these promises can be fulfilled. To engender public trust, many entities in the ADS community…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Scott Schnelle , Francesca M. Favaro