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The need for more transparency of the decision-making processes in artificial neural networks steadily increases driven by their applications in safety critical and ethically challenging domains such as autonomous driving or medical…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Richard Meyes , Constantin Waubert de Puiseau , Andres Posada-Moreno , Tobias Meisen

`Biologically inspired' activation functions, such as the logistic sigmoid, have been instrumental in the historical advancement of machine learning. However in the field of deep learning, they have been largely displaced by rectified…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Gardave S Bhumbra

The loss function used to train a neural network is strongly connected to its output layer from a statistical point of view. This technical report analyzes common activation functions for a neural network output layer, like linear, sigmoid,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Fernando Berzal

The performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is influenced by weight initialization, the nature of activation functions, and their architecture. There is a wide range of activation functions that are traditionally used to train a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-30 Saeid Safaei , Vahid Safaei , Solmazi Safaei , Zerotti Woods , Hamid R. Arabnia , Juan B. Gutierrez

In artificial neural network, the activation function and the weight initialization method play important roles in training and performance of a neural network. The question arises is what properties of a function are important/necessary…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Leonid Datta

Background: Deep neural networks have proven to be powerful computational tools for modeling, prediction, and generation. However, the workings of these models have generally been opaque. Recent work has shown that the performance of some…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Andrew S. Nencka , L. Tugan Muftuler , Peter LaViolette , Kevin M. Koch

Active perception has been employed in many domains, particularly in the field of robotics. The idea of active perception is to utilize the input data to predict the next action that can help robots to improve their performance. The main…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Elijah S. Lee

Activation function has a significant impact on the dynamics, convergence, and performance of deep neural networks. The search for a consistent and high-performing activation function has always been a pursuit during deep learning model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Abdur Rahman , Lu He , Haifeng Wang

The activation function deployed in a deep neural network has great influence on the performance of the network at initialisation, which in turn has implications for training. In this paper we study how to avoid two problems at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Michael Murray , Vinayak Abrol , Jared Tanner

Activation functions play an essential role in neural networks. They provide the non-linearity for the networks. Therefore, their properties are important for neural networks' accuracy and running performance. In this paper, we present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Yuanhao Gong

The choice of activation functions in deep networks has a significant effect on the training dynamics and task performance. Currently, the most successful and widely-used activation function is the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). Although…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-10-30 Prajit Ramachandran , Barret Zoph , Quoc V. Le

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have garnered significant attention in various fields of science and technology in recent years. Activation functions define how neurons in DNNs process incoming signals for them. They are essential for learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Jianfei Li , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

The most widely used activation functions in current deep feed-forward neural networks are rectified linear units (ReLU), and many alternatives have been successfully applied, as well. However, none of the alternatives have managed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Leon René Sütfeld , Flemming Brieger , Holger Finger , Sonja Füllhase , Gordon Pipa

There has been a growing interest in expressivity of deep neural networks. However, most of the existing work about this topic focuses only on the specific activation function such as ReLU or sigmoid. In this paper, we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-24 Ilsang Ohn , Yongdai Kim

Activity recognition has become a popular research branch in the field of pervasive computing in recent years. A large number of experiments can be obtained that activity sensor-based data's characteristic in activity recognition is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-21 Li Xue , Si Xiandong , Nie Lanshun , Li Jiazhen , Ding Renjie , Zhan Dechen , Chu Dianhui

Activation Functions introduce non-linearity in the deep neural networks. This nonlinearity helps the neural networks learn faster and efficiently from the dataset. In deep learning, many activation functions are developed and used based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Ravin Kumar

While the concept of a Sparse Neural Network has been researched for some time, researchers have only recently made notable progress in the matter. Techniques like Sparse Evolutionary Training allow for significantly lower computational…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Adam Dubowski

In this paper, we propose novel quaternion activation functions where we modify either the quaternion magnitude or the phase, as an alternative to the commonly used split activation functions. We define criteria that are relevant for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Johannes Pöppelbaum , Andreas Schwung

In the past decade, deep learning became the prevalent methodology for predictive modeling thanks to the remarkable accuracy of deep neural networks in tasks such as computer vision and natural language processing. Meanwhile, the structure…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Joey Huchette , Gonzalo Muñoz , Thiago Serra , Calvin Tsay

Linear Regression and neural networks are widely used to model data. Neural networks distinguish themselves from linear regression with their use of activation functions that enable modeling nonlinear functions. The standard argument for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Anish Lakkapragada