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With the recent commissioning of ground instruments such as SPHERE or GPI and future space observatories like WFIRST-AFTA, coronagraphy should probably become the most efficient tool for identifying and characterizing extra-solar planets in…
Differential phase contrast interior tomography allows for reconstruction of a refractive index distribution over a region of interest (ROI) for visualization and analysis of internal structures inside a large biological specimen. In this…
With the rapid development of quantum technologies in recent years, the need for high sensitivity measuring techniques has become a key issue. In particular, optical sensors based on quantum states of light have proven to be optimal…
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed human cancer in the United States at present. Early detection is crucial for its successful treatment. X-ray mammography and digital breast tomosynthesis are currently the main methods for…
Material decomposition refers to using the energy dependence of material physical properties to differentiate materials in a sample, which is a very important application in computed tomography(CT). In propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast…
Quantum phenomena such as entanglement can improve fundamental limits on the sensitivity of a measurement probe. In optical interferometry, a probe consisting of $N$ entangled photons provides up to a $\sqrt{N}$ enhancement in phase…
Phase-grating moire interferometers (PGMIs) have emerged as promising candidates for the next generation of neutron interferometry, enabling the use of a polychromatic beam and manifesting interference patterns that can be directly imaged…
In the last years, several works have demonstrated the advantage of photon subtracted Gaussian states for various quantum optics and information protocols. In most of these works, it was not clearly investigated the relation between the…
An exoplanet-exomoon system presents a superposition of phase curves to observers - the dominant component varies according to the planetary period, and the lesser varies according to both the planetary and the lunar period. If the spectra…
We propose a novel quantum diffraction imaging technique whereby one photon of an entangled pair is diffracted off a sample and detected in coincidence with its twin. The image is obtained by scanning the photon that did not interact with…
Talbot-Lau X-ray phase-contrast imaging is a novel imaging modality, which provides not only an X-ray absorption image, but also additionally a differential phase image and a dark-field image. The dark-field image is related to small angle…
Increasing interest in astronomical applications of non-linear curvature wavefront sensors for turbulence detection and correction makes it important to understand how best to handle the data they produce, particularly at low light levels.…
X-ray interferometry is an emerging imaging modality with a wide variety of potential clinical applications, including lung and breast imaging, as well as in non-destructive testing, such as additive manufacturing and porosimetry. A grating…
At present, the principal limitation on the resolution and contrast of astronomical imaging instruments comes from aberrations in the optical path, which may be imposed by the Earth's turbulent atmosphere or by variations in the alignment…
The electronic wavefunction is at the heart of physical phenomena, defining the frontiers of quantum materials research. While the amplitude of the electron wavefunction in crystals can be measured with state-of-the-art probes in…
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) and thermoacoustic tomography (TAT) both leverage acoustic signals generated by electromagnetic absorption to noninvasively image deep tissues. PAT operates by detecting optical absorption, whereas TAT targets…
Interferometry is a prime technique for modern precision measurements. Atoms, unlike light, have significant interactions with electric, magnetic, and gravitational fields, making their use in interferometric applications particularly…
We present a pressure sensor based on a Michelson interferometer, for use in photoacoustic tomography. Quadrature phase detection is employed allowing measurement at any point on the mirror surface without having to retune the…
Microwave, submillimetre-wave, and far-infrared phased arrays are of considerable importance for astronomy. We consider the behaviour imaging phased arrays and interferometric phased arrays from a functional perspective. It is shown that…
Phase aberration is an inherent side effect of ultrasound imaging due to the speed of sound inhomogeneity nature of human tissues, resulting in focusing error and reduced image contrast. This work introduces a phase aberration correction…