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Training a Neural Network (NN) with lots of parameters or intricate architectures creates undesired phenomena that complicate the optimization process. To address this issue we propose a first modular approach to NN design, wherein the NN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-26 David Castillo-Bolado , Cayetano Guerra-Artal , Mario Hernandez-Tejera

Creating learning models that can exhibit sophisticated reasoning skills is one of the greatest challenges in deep learning research, and mathematics is rapidly becoming one of the target domains for assessing scientific progress in this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Alberto Testolin

Mathematical reasoning serves as a cornerstone for assessing the fundamental cognitive capabilities of human intelligence. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) geared towards the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Janice Ahn , Rishu Verma , Renze Lou , Di Liu , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

In this study, we explore the integration of Neural Networks, a powerful class of functions known for their exceptional approximation capabilities. Our primary emphasis is on the integration of multi-layer Neural Networks, a challenging…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Yucong Liu

Neural networks (NNs) have been successfully deployed in various fields. In NNs, a large number of multiplyaccumulate (MAC) operations need to be performed. Most existing digital hardware platforms rely on parallel MAC units to accelerate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-20 Kangwei Xu , Grace Li Zhang , Ulf Schlichtmann , Bing Li

Continual learning can enable neural networks to evolve by learning new tasks sequentially in task-changing scenarios. However, two general and related challenges should be overcome in further research before we apply this technique to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Yujiang He , Zhixin Huang , Bernhard Sick

Algorithms have been fundamental to recent global technological advances and, in particular, they have been the cornerstone of technical advances in one field rapidly being applied to another. We argue that algorithms possess fundamentally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Petar Veličković , Charles Blundell

Neural Algorithmic Reasoning (NAR) trains neural networks to simulate classical algorithms, enabling structured and interpretable reasoning over complex data. While prior research has predominantly focused on learning exact algorithms for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yu He , Ellen Vitercik

The development of artificial intelligence systems with advanced reasoning capabilities represents a persistent and long-standing research question. Traditionally, the primary strategy to address this challenge involved the adoption of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Danilo Numeroso

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in structured reasoning and symbolic tasks, with coding emerging as a particularly successful application. This progress has naturally motivated efforts to extend these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Andrea Asperti , Alberto Naibo , Claudio Sacerdoti Coen

Neural Algorithmic Reasoning is an emerging area of machine learning which seeks to infuse algorithmic computation in neural networks, typically by training neural models to approximate steps of classical algorithms. In this context, much…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Danilo Numeroso , Davide Bacciu , Petar Veličković

While neural networks are good at learning unspecified functions from training samples, they cannot be directly implemented in hardware and are often not interpretable or formally verifiable. On the other hand, logic circuits are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Tobias Brudermueller , Dennis L. Shung , Adrian J. Stanley , Johannes Stegmaier , Smita Krishnaswamy

Mathematical reasoning, a core aspect of human cognition, is vital across many domains, from educational problem-solving to scientific advancements. As artificial general intelligence (AGI) progresses, integrating large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yibo Yan , Jiamin Su , Jianxiang He , Fangteng Fu , Xu Zheng , Yuanhuiyi Lyu , Kun Wang , Shen Wang , Qingsong Wen , Xuming Hu

Mathematical reasoning is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence and is applicable in various fields, including science, engineering, finance, and everyday life. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems capable of solving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Pan Lu , Liang Qiu , Wenhao Yu , Sean Welleck , Kai-Wei Chang

The purpose of this article is to review the achievements made in the last few years towards the understanding of the reasons behind the success and subtleties of neural network-based machine learning. In the tradition of good old applied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Weinan E , Chao Ma , Stephan Wojtowytsch , Lei Wu

The integration of reasoning, learning, and decision-making is key to build more general artificial intelligence systems. As a step in this direction, we propose a novel neural-logic architecture, called differentiable logic machine (DLM),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Matthieu Zimmer , Xuening Feng , Claire Glanois , Zhaohui Jiang , Jianyi Zhang , Paul Weng , Dong Li , Jianye Hao , Wulong Liu

Given the ubiquitous nature of numbers in text, reasoning with numbers to perform simple calculations is an important skill of AI systems. While many datasets and models have been developed to this end, state-of-the-art AI systems are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Swaroop Mishra , Arindam Mitra , Neeraj Varshney , Bhavdeep Sachdeva , Peter Clark , Chitta Baral , Ashwin Kalyan

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) aims to extract the semantics frame of user queries, which is a core component in a task-oriented dialog system. With the burst of deep neural networks and the evolution of pre-trained language models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Libo Qin , Tianbao Xie , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu

A wide variety of activation functions have been proposed for neural networks. The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is especially popular today. There are many practical reasons that motivate the use of the ReLU. This paper provides new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-19 Rahul Parhi , Robert D. Nowak

Traditional neural networks have an impressive classification performance, but what they learn cannot be inspected, verified or extracted. Neural Logic Networks on the other hand have an interpretable structure that enables them to learn a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Vincent Perreault , Katsumi Inoue , Richard Labib , Alain Hertz