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Linear optical circuits of growing complexity are playing an increasing role in emerging photonic quantum technologies. Individual photonic devices are typically described by a unitary matrix containing amplitude and phase information, the…

For more than a century, the diffraction limit has defined the resolution achievable by passive optical imaging systems. Although some resolution improvement can be gained through classical data processing of the image, it is limited by the…

Spectroscopy has played the key role in revealing, and thereby understanding, the structure of atoms and molecules. A central drive in this field is the pursuit of higher precision and accuracy so that ever more subtle effects might be…

Compressed Sensing suggests that the required number of samples for reconstructing a signal can be greatly reduced if it is sparse in a known discrete basis, yet many real-world signals are sparse in a continuous dictionary. One example is…

Material decomposition in X-ray imaging uses the energy-dependence of attenuation to virtually decompose an object into specific constituent materials. X-ray phase contrast imaging is a developing technique that can enhance image contrast…

Speckle noise is an inherent disturbance in coherent imaging systems such as digital holography, synthetic aperture radar, optical coherence tomography, or ultrasound systems. These systems usually produce only single observation per view…

Scattering obscures information carried by wave by producing a speckle pattern, posing a common challenge across various fields, including microscopy and astronomy. Traditional methods for extracting information from speckles often rely on…

Despite the tremendous progresses in wavefront control through or inside complex scattering media, several limitations prevent reaching practical feasibility for nonlinear imaging in biological tissues. While the optimization of nonlinear…

Optoacoustic image formation is conventionally based upon ultrasound time-of-flight readings from multiple detection positions. Herein, we exploit acoustic scattering to physically encode the position of optical absorbers in the acquired…

It is widely accepted that optimization of medical imaging system performance should be guided by task-based measures of image quality (IQ). Task-based measures of IQ quantify the ability of an observer to perform a specific task such as…

Mask-based lensless imaging uses an optical encoder (e.g. a phase or amplitude mask) to capture measurements, then a computational decoding algorithm to reconstruct images. In this work, we evaluate and design lensless encoders based on the…

Encoding of spectral information onto monochrome imaging cameras is of interest for wavelength multiplexing and hyperspectral imaging applications. Here, the complex spatio-spectral response of a disordered material is used to demonstrate…

We describe a probabilistic, {\it sublinear} runtime, measurement-optimal system for model-based sparse recovery problems through dimensionality reducing, {\em dense} random matrices. Specifically, we obtain a linear sketch $u\in \R^M$ of a…

Aberrations limit scanning fluorescence microscopy when imaging in scattering materials such as biological tissue. Model-based approaches for adaptive optics take advantage of a computational model of the optical setup. Such models can be…

Image enhancement improves visual quality and helps reveal details that are hard to see in the original image. In medical imaging, it can support clinical decision-making, but current models often over-edit. This can distort organs, create…

Differentiation of breast tissues is challenging in X-ray imaging because tissues might share similar or even the same linear attenuation coefficients $\mu$. Spectral computed tomography (CT) allows for more quantitative characterization in…

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) lensing is a powerful probe of the matter distribution in the Universe. The standard quadratic estimator, which is typically used to measure the lensing signal, is known to be suboptimal for low-noise…

X-ray interaction with matter is an energy-dependent process that is contingent on the atomic structure of the constituent material elements. The most advanced models to capture this relationship currently rely on Monte Carlo (MC)…

We present a framework which incorporates three aspects of the estimation problem, namely, sparse sensor configuration, optimal precision, and robustness in the presence of model uncertainty. The problem is formulated in the…

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is critical in nanotechnology, materials science, and biological imaging due to its high spatial resolution and depth of focus. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is an essential parameter in SEM because it…