English
Related papers

Related papers: Randomization Inference beyond the Sharp Null: Bou…

200 papers

Interference occurs between individuals when the treatment (or exposure) of one individual affects the outcome of another individual. Previous work on causal inference methods in the presence of interference has focused on the setting where…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-04 Wen Wei Loh , Michael G. Hudgens , John D. Clemens , Mohammad Ali , Michael E. Emch

A growing statistical literature focuses on causal inference in the context of experiments where the target of inference is the average treatment effect in a finite population and random assignment determines which subjects are allocated to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-04 Jonas M. Mikhaeil , Donald P. Green

Fisher's randomization test (FRT) delivers exact $p$-values under the strong null hypothesis of no treatment effect on any units whatsoever and allows for flexible covariate adjustment to improve the power. Of interest is whether the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-03 Anqi Zhao , Peng Ding

Randomization is a basis for the statistical inference of treatment effects without strong assumptions on the outcome-generating process. Appropriately using covariates further yields more precise estimators in randomized experiments. R. A.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-01-03 Xinran Li , Peng Ding

Randomization testing is a fundamental method in statistics, enabling inferential tasks such as testing for (conditional) independence of random variables, constructing confidence intervals in semiparametric location models, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-21 Yash Nair , Lucas Janson

We present a randomization-based inferential framework for experiments characterized by a strongly ignorable assignment mechanism where units have independent probabilities of receiving treatment. Previous works on randomization tests often…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-02-01 Zach Branson , Marie-Abele Bind

Randomization-based inference commonly relies on grid search methods to construct confidence intervals by inverting hypothesis tests over a range of parameter values. While straightforward, this approach is computationally intensive and can…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-17 Ian Xu

Interference exists when a unit's outcome depends on another unit's treatment assignment. For example, intensive policing on one street could have a spillover effect on neighboring streets. Classical randomization tests typically break down…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-26 David Puelz , Guillaume Basse , Avi Feller , Panos Toulis

Switchback experiments--alternating treatment and control over time--are widely used when unit-level randomization is infeasible, outcomes are aggregated, or user interference is unavoidable. In practice, experimentation must support fast…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-27 Jizhou Liu , Liang Zhong

What proportion of treated units actually benefited from an experimental intervention? What is the median or the largest individual treatment effect? This paper develops methods for answering such questions about the distribution of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-11 David Kim , Yongchang Su , Jake Bowers , Xinran Li

In this review, we present econometric and statistical methods for analyzing randomized experiments. For basic experiments we stress randomization-based inference as opposed to sampling-based inference. In randomization-based inference,…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-26 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity has become increasingly important in many fields. In this paper we study distributions and quantiles of individual treatment effects to provide a more comprehensive and robust understanding of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Zhe Chen , Xinran Li

This paper considers the problem of inference in observational studies with time-varying adoption of treatment. In addition to an unconfoundedness assumption that the potential outcomes are independent of the times at which units adopt…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-27 Azeem Shaikh , Panos Toulis

Individual treatment effect (ITE) is often regarded as the ideal target of inference in causal analyses and has been the focus of several recent studies. In this paper, we describe the intrinsic limits regarding what can be learned…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-10 Zhehao Zhang , Thomas S. Richardson

We provide finite-sample distribution approximations, that are uniform in the parameter, for inference in linear mixed models. Focus is on variances and covariances of random effects in cases where existing theory fails because their…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-29 Karl Oskar Ekvall , Matteo Bottai

I introduce a generic method for inference on entire quantile and regression quantile processes in the presence of a finite number of large and arbitrarily heterogeneous clusters. The method asymptotically controls size by generating…

Econometrics · Economics 2023-06-16 Andreas Hagemann

Under the potential outcomes framework, causal effects are defined as comparisons between potential outcomes under treatment and control. To infer causal effects from randomized experiments, Neyman proposed to test the null hypothesis of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-06-24 Peng Ding

We consider estimation and inference on average treatment effects under unconfoundedness conditional on the realizations of the treatment variable and covariates. Given nonparametric smoothness and/or shape restrictions on the conditional…

Applications · Statistics 2022-10-04 Timothy B. Armstrong , Michal Kolesár

Measuring the effect of peers on individuals' outcomes is a challenging problem, in part because individuals often select peers who are similar in both observable and unobservable ways. Group formation experiments avoid this problem by…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-09 Guillaume Basse , Peng Ding , Avi Feller , Panos Toulis

A common goal in statistics and machine learning is estimation of unknowns. Point estimates alone are of little value without an accompanying measure of uncertainty, but traditional uncertainty quantification methods, such as confidence…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-12 Neil Dey , Ryan Martin , Jonathan P. Williams