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We describe an updated version of our hybrid N-body-coagulation code for planet formation. In addition to the features of our 2006-2008 code, our treatment now includes algorithms for the 1D evolution of the viscous disk, the accretion of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Benjamin C. Bromley , Scott J. Kenyon

The process leading to the formation of the terrestrial planet remains elusive. In a previous publication, we have shown that, if the first generation of planetesimals forms in a ring at about 1 AU and the gas disk's density peaks at the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-29 J. M. Y. Woo , D. Nesvorny , J. Scora , A. Morbidelli

Many dynamical aspects of the solar system can be explained by the outer planets experiencing a period of orbital instability sometimes called the Nice Model. Though often correlated with a perceived delayed spike in the lunar cratering…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib , Sean N. Raymond , Kevin J. Walsh

It has been long proposed that, if all the terrestrial planets form within a tiny ring of solid material at around 1 AU, the concentrated mass-distance distribution of the current system can be reproduced. Recent planetesimal formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-10 J. M. Y. Woo , A. Morbidelli , S. L. Grimm , J. Stadel , R. Brasser

Global models of planet formation tend to begin with an initial set of planetary embryos for the sake simplicity. While this approach gives valuable insights on the evolution of the initial embryos, the initial distribution itself is a bold…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-26 Oliver Voelkel , Hubert Klahr , Christoph Mordasini , Alexandre Emsenhuber

NASA's TESS mission is expected to discover hundreds of M dwarf planets. However, few studies focus on how planets form around low-mass stars. We aim to better characterize the formation process of M dwarf planets to fill this gap and aid…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-17 Brianna Zawadzki , Daniel Carrera , Eric Ford

Terrestrial planet formation (TPF) is a difficult problem that has vexed researchers for decades. Numerical models are only partially successful at reproducing the orbital architecture of the inner planets, but have generally not considered…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-12 R. Brasser

Planetary embryos are built through the collisional growth of 10-100 km sized objects called planetesimals, a formerly large population of objects, of which asteroids, comets and Kuiper-Belt objects represent the leftovers from planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-09 Brooke Polak , Hubert Klahr

In the classical core-accretion planet formation scenario, rapid inward migration and accretion timescales of kilometer size planetesimals may not favor the formation of massive cores of giant planets before the dissipation of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-26 O. M. Guilera , Zs. Sándor

The conditions in the protoplanetary disc are determinant for the various planet formation mechanisms. We present a framework which combines self-consistent disc structures with the calculations of the growth rates of planetary embryos via…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-23 Sofia Savvidou , Bertram Bitsch

According to the sequential accretion model, giant planet formation is based first on the formation of a solid core which, when massive enough, can gravitationally bind gas from the nebula to form the envelope. In order to trigger the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 A. Fortier , Y. Alibert , F. Carron , W. Benz , K. -M. Dittkrist

The formation of gas-giant planets within the lifetime of a protoplanetary disk is challenging especially far from a star. A promising model for the rapid formation of giant-planet cores is pebble accretion in which gas drag during…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 John Chambers

The architecture and masses of planetary systems in the habitable zone could be strongly influenced by outer giant planets, if present. We investigate here the impact of outer giants on terrestrial planet formation, under the assumption…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-03 Zhihui Kong , Anders Johansen , Michiel Lambrechts , Jonathan H. Jiang , Zong-Hong Zhu

Standard models of planet formation explain how planets form in axisymmetric, unperturbed disks in single star systems. However, it is possible that giant planets could have already formed when other planetary embryos start to grow. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-01 Kangrou Guo , Eiichiro Kokubo

The past decade has seen major progress in our understanding of terrestrial planet formation. Yet key questions remain. In this review we first address the growth of 100 km-scale planetesimals as a consequence of dust coagulation and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Andre Izidoro , Sean N. Raymond

Context. Planet formation with pebbles has been proposed to solve a couple of long-standing issues in the classical formation model. Some sophisticated simulations have been done to confirm the efficiency of pebble accretion. However, there…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-29 Soko Matsumura , Ramon Brasser , Shigeru Ida

We present conclusions from a large number of N-body simulations of the giant impact phase of terrestrial planet formation. We focus on new results obtained from the recently proposed Grand Tack model, which couples the gas-driven migration…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-08-12 Seth A. Jacobson , Alessandro Morbidelli

We present results from a suite of N-body simulations that follow the accretion history of the terrestrial planets using a new parallel treecode that we have developed. We initially place 2000 equal size planetesimals between 0.5--4.0 AU…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Ryuji Morishima , Joachim Stadel , Ben Moore

The formation of the solar system's giant planets predated the ultimate epoch of massive impacts that concluded the process of terrestrial planet formation. Following their formation, the giant planets' orbits evolved through an episode of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-23 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib , Sean N. Raymond , John E. Chambers

Migration of planetesimals from the feeding zone of the terrestrial planets, which was divided into seven regions depending on the distance to the Sun, was simulated. The influence of gravity of all planets was taken into account. In some…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-26 S. I. Ipatov