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Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (ASGD) is a popular parallel optimization algorithm in machine learning. Most theoretical analysis on ASGD take a discrete view and prove upper bounds for their convergence rates. However, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-09 Li He , Qi Meng , Wei Chen , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu

This paper introduces a class of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs), whose coefficients not only depend on the value of its solutions of the present but also the past and the future. For a sufficiently small time delay or a…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Shiqiu Zheng , Gaofeng Zong

In this paper, we introduce a new type of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs), called conditional expectation BSDEs, whose drivers depend not only on the value of the solutions but also on their conditional expectations with…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Hanwu Li

The emergent field of probabilistic numerics has thus far lacked clear statistical principals. This paper establishes Bayesian probabilistic numerical methods as those which can be cast as solutions to certain inverse problems within the…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-15 Jon Cockayne , Chris Oates , Tim Sullivan , Mark Girolami

Applications in quantitative finance such as optimal trade execution, risk management of options, and optimal asset allocation involve the solution of high dimensional and nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The connection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-28 Batuhan Güler , Alexis Laignelet , Panos Parpas

This paper is dedicated to the presentation and the analysis of a numerical scheme for forward-backward SDEs of the McKean-Vlasov type, or equivalently for solutions to PDEs on the Wasserstein space. Because of the mean field structure of…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-07 Jean-François Chassagneux , Dan Crisan , François Delarue

In this work, we study solving (decoupled) forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) numerically using the regression trees. Based on the general theta-discretization for the time-integrands, we show how to efficiently use…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Long Teng

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of methods which can be utilized to search for solutions to systems of nonlinear equations (SNEs). Our objectives with this survey are to synthesize pertinent literature in this field by presenting…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Ilias S. Kotsireas , Panos M. Pardalos , Alexander Semenov , William T. Trevena , Michael N. Vrahatis

This is one of our series papers on multistep schemes for solving forward backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) and related problems. Here we extend (with non-trivial updates) our multistep schemes in [W. Zhao, Y. Fu and T.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-02-12 Kong Tao , Weidong Zhao , Tao Zhou

Differential Equations are among the most important Mathematical tools used in creating models in the science, engineering, economics, mathematics, physics, aeronautics, astronomy, dynamics, biology, chemistry, medicine, environmental…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2020-12-15 Byakatonda Denis

We demonstrate that backward stochastic differential equations (BSDE) may be reformulated as ordinary functional differential equations on certain path spaces. In this framework, neither It\^{o}'s integrals nor martingale representation…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-11-20 Gechun Liang , Terry Lyons , Zhongmin Qian

Without question regarding its pivotal significance, the computation of function derivatives carries substantial weight within a multitude of engineering and applied mathematical fields. These encompass optimization, the development of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-14 Hamidreza Moradi , Hamideh Hossei

We study reflected solutions of one-dimensional backward doubly stochastic differential equations (BDSDEs in short). The "reflected" keeps the solution above a given stochastic process. We get the uniqueness and existence by penalization.…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-06-08 Weiqiang Yang , Yufeng Shi , Yangling Gu

Since the celebrated paper by El Karoui, Peng and Quenez [Mathematical Finance, 7 (1997), 1--71], backward stochastic differential equations have found wide applications in stochastic control, financial technology and machine learning. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Shengjun Fan , Ying Hu , Shanjian Tang

In this work we propose a new algorithm for solving high-dimensional backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs). Based on the general theta-discretization for the time-integrands, we show how to efficiently use eXtreme Gradient…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-15 Long Teng

We introduce a new type of reflected backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) for which the reflection constraint is imposed on its main solution component, denoted as $Y$ by convention, but in terms of its conditional expectation…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Ying Hu , Jianhui Huang , Wenqiang Li

In this paper, we study reflected backward stochastic difference equations (RBSDEs for short) with finitely many states in discrete time. The general existence and uniqueness result, as well as comparison theorems for the solutions, are…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-03 Lifen An , Samuel N. Cohen , Shaolin Ji

Recent advances in deep learning makes solving parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) in high dimensional spaces possible via forward-backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE) formulations. The implementation of most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-19 Wenjun Xu , Wenzhong Zhang

In this paper we investigate novel applications of a new class of equations which we call time-delayed backward stochastic differential equations. Time-delayed BSDEs may arise in finance when we want to find an investment strategy and an…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2011-01-13 Lukasz Delong

We consider backward stochastic differential equations (BSDE) with nonlinear generators typically of quadratic growth in the control variable. A measure solution of such a BSDE will be understood as a probability measure under which the…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-07-08 Stefan Ankirchner , Peter Imkeller , Alexandre Popier