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Standard simulations of Turing machines suggest a linear relationship between the temporal duration $t$ of a run and the amount of information that must be stored by known simulations to certify, verify, or regenerate the configuration at…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Logan Nye

Quantum computing has demonstrated potential for solving complex optimization problems; however, its application to spatial regionalization remains underexplored. Spatial contiguity, a fundamental constraint requiring spatial entities to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yunhan Chang , Amr Magdy , Federico M. Spedalieri

Recently, there has been much interest in holographic computations of two-point non-equilibrium Green functions from AdS-Vaidya backgrounds. In the strongly coupled quantum field theory on the boundary, the dual interpretation of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-02-19 Jarkko Järvelä , Ville Keränen , Esko Keski-Vakkuri

Representations of quantum computations are almost always based on a tensor product $\otimes$-structure. This coincides with what we are able to execute in our experiments, as well as what we observe in Nature, but it makes certain familiar…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-05 Luca Mondada

In previous works, we showed that both time and space can emerge from entanglement within a globally constrained quantum Universe, with no background coordinates. By extending the Page and Wootters quantum time formalism to include both…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-30 Tommaso Favalli

A new representation of Quantum Gravity is developed. This formulation is based on an extension of the group of loops. The enlarged group, that we call the Extended Loop Group, behaves locally as an infinite dimensional Lie group. Quantum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 C. Di Bartolo , R. Gambini , J. Griego

An asymptotically AdS geometry connecting two or more boundaries is given by a entangled state, that can be expanded in the product basis of the Hilbert spaces of each CFT living on the boundaries. We derive a prescription to compute this…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-16 Marcelo Botta Cantcheff

We define a class of stochastic processes based on evolutions and measurements of quantum systems, and consider the complexity of predicting their long-term behavior. It is shown that a very general class of decision problems regarding…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 John Watrous

We provide a deep Boltzmann machine (DBM) for the AdS/CFT correspondence. Under the philosophy that the bulk spacetime is a neural network, we give a dictionary between those, and obtain a restricted DBM as a discretized bulk scalar field…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-06-05 Koji Hashimoto

Results that illuminate the physical interpretation of states of nonperturbative quantum gravity are obtained using the recently introduced loop variables. It is shown that: i) While local operators such as the metric at a point may not be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-04-20 Abhay Ashtekar , Carlo Rovelli , Lee Smolin

The holographic principle states that the number of degrees of freedom describing the physics inside a volume (including gravity) is bounded by the area of the boundary (also called the screen) which encloses this volume. A stronger…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Carsten van de Bruck

A key problem in the attempt to quantize the gravitational field is the choice of boundary conditions. These are mixed, in that spatial and normal components of metric perturbations obey different sets of boundary conditions. In the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Ivan G. Avramidi , Giampiero Esposito

The path-integral formulation of quantum cosmology with a massless scalar field as a sum-over-histories of volume transitions is discussed, with particular but non-exclusive reference to loop quantum cosmology. Exploiting the analogy with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-08 Gianluca Calcagni , Steffen Gielen , Daniele Oriti

We show that the complex saddle points of the no-boundary wave function with a positive cosmological constant and a positive scalar potential have a representation in which the geometry consists of a regular Euclidean AdS domain wall that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Thomas Hertog , James Hartle

Quantum computers provide a fundamentally new computing paradigm that promises to revolutionize our ability to solve broad classes of problems. Surprisingly, the basic mathematical structures of gate-based quantum computing, such as unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Brian R. La Cour , S. Andrew Lanham , Corey I. Ostrove

In quantum computing, the computation is achieved by linear operators in or between Hilbert spaces. In this work, we explore a new computation scheme, in which the linear operators in quantum computing are replaced by (higher) functors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-09 Liang Kong , Hao Zheng

We consider the computation of volumes contained in a spatial slice of AdS$_3$ in terms of observables in a dual CFT. Our main tool is kinematic space, defined either from the bulk perspective as the space of oriented bulk geodesics, or…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-01-30 Raimond Abt , Johanna Erdmenger , Marius Gerbershagen , Charles M. Melby-Thompson , Christian Northe

The Lorentzian AdS/CFT correspondence implies a map between local operators in supergravity and non-local operators in the CFT. By explicit computation we construct CFT operators which are dual to local bulk fields in the semiclassical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Alex Hamilton , Daniel Kabat , Gilad Lifschytz , David A. Lowe

We construct a time-dependent expression of the computational complexity of a quantum system which consists of two conformal complex scalar field theories in d dimensions coupled to constant electric potentials and defined on the boundaries…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-29 Musema Sinamuli , Robert B. Mann

We discuss recent results in the study of the evolution of strongly coupled field theories in the presence of time dependent couplings using the holographic correspondence. The aim is to understand (i) thermalization and (ii) universal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-03 Sumit R. Das