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While large models achieve impressive results, their learning dynamics are far from understood. Many domains of interest, such as natural language syntax, coding languages, arithmetic problems, are captured by context-free grammars (CFGs).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Laura Ying Schulz , Daniel Mitropolsky , Tomaso Poggio

Countless learning tasks require dealing with sequential data. Image captioning, speech synthesis, and music generation all require that a model produce outputs that are sequences. In other domains, such as time series prediction, video…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-10-20 Zachary C. Lipton , John Berkowitz , Charles Elkan

Despite the tremendous empirical success of neural models in natural language processing, many of them lack the strong intuitions that accompany classical machine learning approaches. Recently, connections have been shown between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Hao Peng , Roy Schwartz , Sam Thomson , Noah A. Smith

Non-deterministic Finite Automata (NFA) represent regular languages concisely, increasing their appeal for applications such as word recognition. This paper proposes a new approach to generate NFA from an interaction language such as UML…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Erwan Mahe , Boutheina Bannour , Christophe Gaston , Arnault Lapitre , Pascale Le Gall

Background. Previous state-of-the-art systems on Drug Name Recognition (DNR) and Clinical Concept Extraction (CCE) have focused on a combination of text "feature engineering" and conventional machine learning algorithms such as conditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-26 Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Ehsan Zare Borzeshi , Massimo Piccardi

Probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) with neural parameterization have been shown to be effective in unsupervised phrase-structure grammar induction. However, due to the cubic computational complexity of PCFG representation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Songlin Yang , Yanpeng Zhao , Kewei Tu

Probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) and dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs) are widely used sequence models with complementary strengths and limitations. While PCFGs allow for nested hierarchical dependencies (tree structures), their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Robert Lieck , Martin Rohrmeier

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are the state of the art in sequence modeling for natural language. However, it remains poorly understood what grammatical characteristics of natural language they implicitly learn and represent as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Richard Futrell , Ethan Wilcox , Takashi Morita , Roger Levy

The standard recurrent neural network language model (RNNLM) generates sentences one word at a time and does not work from an explicit global sentence representation. In this work, we introduce and study an RNN-based variational autoencoder…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Samuel R. Bowman , Luke Vilnis , Oriol Vinyals , Andrew M. Dai , Rafal Jozefowicz , Samy Bengio

Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and its variations such as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), have become standard building blocks for learning online data of sequential nature in many research areas, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Enmao Diao , Jie Ding , Vahid Tarokh

We present a passive automata learning algorithm that can extract automata from recurrent networks with very large or even infinite alphabets. Our method combines overapproximations from the field of Abstract Interpretation and passive…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jaouhar Slimi , Tristan Le Gall , Augustin Lemesle

In automatic speech recognition (ASR), recurrent neural language models (RNNLM) are typically used to refine hypotheses in the form of lattices or n-best lists, which are generated by a beam search decoder with a weaker language model. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Rémi Francis , Tom Ash , Will Williams

The natural language generation (NLG) component of a spoken dialogue system (SDS) usually needs a substantial amount of handcrafting or a well-labeled dataset to be trained on. These limitations add significantly to development costs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-10 Tsung-Hsien Wen , Milica Gasic , Dongho Kim , Nikola Mrksic , Pei-Hao Su , David Vandyke , Steve Young

Conditional Random Field (CRF) and recurrent neural models have achieved success in structured prediction. More recently, there is a marriage of CRF and recurrent neural models, so that we can gain from both non-linear dense features and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Shuming Ma , Xu Sun

Learning latent representations from long text sequences is an important first step in many natural language processing applications. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have become a cornerstone for this challenging task. However, the quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Yizhe Zhang , Dinghan Shen , Guoyin Wang , Zhe Gan , Ricardo Henao , Lawrence Carin

This paper describes a novel text-to-speech (TTS) technique based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNN), without use of any recurrent units. Recurrent neural networks (RNN) have become a standard technique to model sequential data…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Hideyuki Tachibana , Katsuya Uenoyama , Shunsuke Aihara

We consider the problem of learning an unknown context-free grammar when the only knowledge available and of interest to the learner is about its structural descriptions with depth at most $\ell.$ The goal is to learn a cover context-free…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Mircea Marin , Gabriel Istrate

This paper proposes a novel framework for detecting redundancy in supervised sentence categorisation. Unlike traditional singleton neural network, our model incorporates character-aware convolutional neural network (Char-CNN) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Xinyu Fu , Eugene Ch'ng , Uwe Aickelin , Simon See

Neural networks are becoming a popular tool for solving many real-world problems such as object recognition and machine translation, thanks to its exceptional performance as an end-to-end solution. However, neural networks are complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Guoliang Dong , Jingyi Wang , Jun Sun , Yang Zhang , Xinyu Wang , Ting Dai , Jin Song Dong , Xingen Wang

Grammar-based sentence generation has been thoroughly explored for Context-Free Grammars (CFGs), but remains unsolved for recognition-based approaches such as Parsing Expression Grammars (PEGs). Lacking tool support, language designers…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Tony Garnock-Jones , Mahdi Eslamimehr , Alessandro Warth