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Tor is a widely used anonymity network that conceals user identities by routing traffic through encrypted relays, yet it remains vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks that deanonymize users by matching patterns in ingress and egress…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Binghui Wu , Dinil Mon Divakaran , Levente Csikor , Mohan Gurusamy

The internet can be broadly divided into three parts: surface, deep and dark. The dark web has become notorious in the media for being a hidden part of the web where all manner of illegal activities take place. This review investigates how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Abhineet Gupta , Sean B Maynard , Atif Ahmad

This research paper is a study on the TOR Foundation and the TOR Network. Due to the blind confidence over this network and this foundation we have collect data and gather information in open sources to understand how it is organized. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Maxence Delong , Eric Filiol , Clément Coddet , Olivier Fatou , Clément Suhard

Knowledge about the graph structure of the Web is important for understanding this complex socio-technical system and for devising proper policies supporting its future development. Knowledge about the differences between clean and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Sanja Šćepanović , Igor Mishkovski , Jukka Ruohonen , Frederick Ayala-Gómez , Tuomas Aura , Sami Hyrynsalmi

The primary objective of an anonymity tool is to protect the anonymity of its users through the implementation of strong encryption and obfuscation techniques. As a result, it becomes very difficult to monitor and identify users activities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Javeriah Saleem , Rafiqul Islam , Zahidul Islam

Intrusion detection has attracted a considerable interest from researchers and industries. After many years of research the community still faces the problem of building reliable and efficient intrusion detection systems (IDS) capable of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Elike Hodo , Xavier Bellekens , Ephraim Iorkyase , Andrew Hamilton , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

The Tor anonymous network has become quite popular with regular users on the Internet. In the Tor network, an anonymous path is created by selecting three relays through which the connection is redirected. Nevertheless, as the number of Tor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Sadegh Momeni Milajerdi , Mehdi Kharrazi

Tor provides anonymity to millions of users around the globe which has made it a valuable target for malicious actors. As a low-latency anonymity system, it is vulnerable to traffic correlation attacks from strong passive adversaries such…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Gabriel Karl Gegenhuber , Markus Maier , Florian Holzbauer , Wilfried Mayer , Georg Merzdovnik , Edgar Weippl , Johanna Ullrich

Tor provides anonymity online by routing traffic through encrypted tunnels, called circuits, over paths of anonymizing relays. To enable users to connect to their selected destination servers without waiting for the circuit to be build, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Mohsen Imani , Mehrdad Amirabadi , Matthew Wright

Tor is the most widely used anonymity network, currently serving millions of users each day. However, there is no access control in place for all these users, leaving the network vulnerable to botnet abuse and attacks. For example,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Zhuotao Liu , Yushan Liu , Philipp Winter , Prateek Mittal , Yih-Chun Hu

Tor is currently the most popular network for anonymous Internet access. It critically relies on volunteer nodes called bridges for relaying Internet traffic when a user's ISP blocks connections to Tor. Unfortunately, current methods for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Mahdi Zamani , Jared Saia , Jedidiah Crandall

Security analysts need to classify, search and correlate numerous images. Automatic classification tools improve the efficiency of such tasks. However, the main resources to develop these tools are datasets, which are introduced and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Vincent Falconieri

We model and analyze passive adversaries that monitors Tor traffic crossing the border of a jurisdiction an adversary is controlling. We show that a single adversary is able to connect incoming and outgoing traffic of their border, tracking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Herman Galteland , Kristian Gjøsteen

Being a volunteer-run, distributed anonymity network, Tor is vulnerable to Sybil attacks. Little is known about real-world Sybils in the Tor network, and we lack practical tools and methods to expose Sybil attacks. In this work, we develop…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-02-26 Philipp Winter , Roya Ensafi , Karsten Loesing , Nick Feamster

Tor is vulnerable to network-level adversaries who can observe both ends of the communication to deanonymize users. Recent work has shown that Tor is susceptible to the previously unknown active BGP routing attacks, called RAPTOR attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Yixin Sun , Anne Edmundson , Nick Feamster , Mung Chiang , Prateek Mittal

Most real-world networks are embedded in latent geometries. If a node in a network is found in the vicinity of another node in the latent geometry, the two nodes have a disproportionately high probability of being connected by a link. The…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-06-19 Bukyoung Jhun

The rapidly expanding Internet of Things (IoT) landscape is shifting toward cloudless architectures, removing reliance on centralized cloud services but exposing devices directly to the internet and increasing their vulnerability to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Yumingzhi Pan , Zhen Ling , Yue Zhang , Hongze Wang , Guangchi Liu , Junzhou Luo , Xinwen Fu

Several hundred Tor exit relays together push more than 1 GiB/s of network traffic. However, it is easy for exit relays to snoop and tamper with anonymised network traffic and as all relays are run by independent volunteers, not all of them…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-21 Philipp Winter , Stefan Lindskog

Bitcoin is a decentralized P2P digital currency in which coins are generated by a distributed set of miners and transaction are broadcasted via a peer-to-peer network. While Bitcoin provides some level of anonymity (or rather pseudonymity)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-09 Alex Biryukov , Ivan Pustogarov

The availability of sophisticated technologies and methods of perpetrating criminogenic activities in the cyberspace is a pertinent societal problem. Darknet is an encrypted network technology that uses the internet infrastructure and can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Victor Adewopo , Bilal Gonen , Said Varlioglu , Murat Ozer