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Tools for algorithmic differentiation (AD) provide accurate derivatives of computer-implemented functions for use in, e. g., optimization and machine learning (ML). However, they often require the source code of the function to be available…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Max Aehle , Johannes Blühdorn , Max Sagebaum , Nicolas R. Gauger

Automatic differentiation (AD) is a set of techniques that systematically applies the chain rule to compute the gradients of functions without requiring human intervention. Although the fundamentals of this technology were established…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Afif Boudaoud , Alexandru Calotoiu , Marcin Copik , Torsten Hoefler

Agent-based models (ABMs) simulate complex systems by capturing the bottom-up interactions of individual agents comprising the system. Many complex systems of interest, such as epidemics or financial markets, involve thousands or even…

Two of the most important areas in computational finance: Greeks and, respectively, calibration, are based on efficient and accurate computation of a large number of sensitivities. This paper gives an overview of adjoint and automatic…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2011-07-12 Cristian Homescu

Many engineering problems involve learning hidden dynamics from indirect observations, where the physical processes are described by systems of partial differential equations (PDE). Gradient-based optimization methods are considered…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-12-17 Kailai Xu , Dongzhuo Li , Eric Darve , Jerry M. Harris

We show how the basic Combinatory Homomorphic Automatic Differentiation (CHAD) algorithm can be optimised, using well-known methods, to yield a simple, composable, and generally applicable reverse-mode automatic differentiation (AD)…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Tom Smeding , Matthijs Vákár

This article provides an overview of some of the mathematical principles of Automatic Differentiation (AD). In particular, we summarise different descriptions of the Forward Mode of AD, like the matrix-vector product based approach, the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-07-07 Philipp H. W. Hoffmann

Automatic differentiation (AD) aims to compute derivatives of user-defined functions, but in Turing-complete languages, this simple specification does not fully capture AD's behavior: AD sometimes disagrees with the true derivative of a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Alexander K. Lew , Mathieu Huot , Vikash K. Mansinghka

Automatic differentiation is involved for long in applied mathematics as an alternative to finite difference to improve the accuracy of numerical computation of derivatives. Each time a numerical minimization is involved, automatic…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-06-08 Sébastien Geeraert , Charles-Albert Lehalle , Barak Pearlmutter , Olivier Pironneau , Adil Reghai

In scientific computation, it is often necessary to calculate higher-order derivatives of a function. Currently, two primary methods for higher-order automatic differentiation exist: symbolic differentiation and algorithmic automatic…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-06-03 He Zhang

In this work we present useful techniques and possible enhancements when applying an Algorithmic Differentiation (AD) tool to the linear algebra library Eigen using our in-house AD by overloading (AD-O) tool dco/c++ as a case study. After…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2020-06-23 Patrick Peltzer , Johannes Lotz , Uwe Naumann

We study the correctness of automatic differentiation (AD) in the context of a higher-order, Turing-complete language (PCF with real numbers), both in forward and reverse mode. Our main result is that, under mild hypotheses on the primitive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-13 Damiano Mazza , Michele Pagani

We review the current state of automatic differentiation (AD) for array programming in machine learning (ML), including the different approaches such as operator overloading (OO) and source transformation (ST) used for AD, graph-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-04 Bart van Merriënboer , Olivier Breuleux , Arnaud Bergeron , Pascal Lamblin

No single Automatic Differentiation (AD) system is the optimal choice for all problems. This means informed selection of an AD system and combinations can be a problem-specific variable that can greatly impact performance. In the Julia…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Frank Schäfer , Mohamed Tarek , Lyndon White , Chris Rackauckas

We give a simple, direct and reusable logical relations technique for languages with term and type recursion and partially defined differentiable functions. We demonstrate it by working out the case of Automatic Differentiation (AD)…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Fernando Lucatelli Nunes , Matthijs Vákár

Forward Automatic Differentiation (AD) is a technique for augmenting programs to compute derivatives. The essence of Forward AD is to attach perturbations to each number, and propagate these through the computation. When derivatives are…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Oleksandr Manzyuk , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Alexey Andreyevich Radul , David R. Rush , Jeffrey Mark Siskind

Eff is a programming language based on the algebraic approach to computational effects, in which effects are viewed as algebraic operations and effect handlers as homomorphisms from free algebras. Eff supports first-class effects and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-07-17 Andrej Bauer , Matija Pretnar

We present a technique for applying (forward and) reverse-mode automatic differentiation (AD) on a non-recursive second-order functional array language that supports nested parallelism and is primarily aimed at efficient GPU execution. The…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Robert Schenck , Ola Rønning , Troels Henriksen , Cosmin E. Oancea

Building on the observation that reverse-mode automatic differentiation (AD) -- a generalisation of backpropagation -- can naturally be expressed as pullbacks of differential 1-forms, we design a simple higher-order programming language…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Carol Mak , Luke Ong

We introduce Frank, a human-in-the-loop system for co-evolutionary hybrid decision-making aiding the user to label records from an un-labeled dataset. Frank employs incremental learning to ``evolve'' in parallel with the user's decisions,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Federico Mazzoni , Riccardo Guidotti , Alessio Malizia