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As electronic data becomes the lifeline of modern society, privacy concerns increase. These concerns are reflected by the European Union's enactment of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), one of the most comprehensive and robust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Saurav K. Aryal , Peter A. Keiller

Contact tracing is an essential tool for public health officials and local communities to fight the spread of novel diseases, such as for the COVID-19 pandemic. The Singaporean government just released a mobile phone app, TraceTogether,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Hyunghoon Cho , Daphne Ippolito , Yun William Yu

Under the current regulatory framework for data protections, the protection of human rights writ large and the corresponding outcomes are regulated largely independently from the data and tools that both threaten those rights and are needed…

With the everlasting development of technology and society, data privacy has proven to grow into a pressing issue. The bureaucratic state system seems to expand the number of personal documents required for any kind of request. Therefore,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Cristina Georgiana Calancea , Lenuta Alboaie , Andrei Panu

Processing personal data is regulated in Europe by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) through data processing agreements (DPAs). Checking the compliance of DPAs contributes to the compliance verification of software systems as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Orlando Amaral , Muhammad Ilyas Azeem , Sallam Abualhaija , Lionel C Briand

Due to the recent outbreak of COVID-19, many governments suspended outdoor activities and imposed social distancing policies to prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. These measures have had severe impact on the economy and peoples' daily…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Bo-Rong Chen , Yih-Chun Hu

The COVID-19 crisis represents the most dangerous threat to public health since the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 1918. So far, the disease due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been countered with extreme measures at national level that attempt to…

Containment, the key strategy in quickly halting an epidemic, requires rapid identification and quarantine of the infected individuals, determination of whom they have had close contact with in the previous days and weeks, and…

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a European Union regulation that will replace the existing Data Protection Directive on 25 May 2018. The most significant change is a huge increase in the maximum fine that can be levied for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-18 John KC Kingston

Physical and mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic is typically assessed via surveys, which might make it difficult to conduct longitudinal studies and might lead to data suffering from recall bias. Ecological momentary assessment…

Coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19 in short, is a zoonosis, i.e., a disease that spreads from animals to humans. Due to its highly epizootic nature, it has compelled the public health experts to deploy smartphone applications to trace…

The first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in December 2019 and the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization. This sparked a plethora of investigations into…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-26 Tobias Mütze , Tim Friede

Contact tracing has historically been used to retard the spread of infectious diseases, but if it is exercised by hand in large-scale, it is known to be a resource-intensive and quite deficient process. Nowadays, digital contact tracing has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Vasileios Kouliaridis , Georgios Kambourakis , Efstratios Chatzoglou , Dimitrios Geneiatakis , Hua Wang

Data protection law, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), usually requires a privacy policy before data can be collected from individuals. We analysed 15,145 privacy policies from 26,910 mobile apps in May 2019 (about…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Konrad Kollnig

The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted countries around the world to introduce smartphone apps to support disease control efforts. Their purposes range from digital contact tracing to quarantine enforcement to vaccination passports, and their…

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) forces IT companies to comply with a number of principles when dealing with European citizens' personal data. Non-compliant companies are exposed to penalties which may represent up to 4% of…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Alain Tchana , Raphael Colin , Adrien Le Berre , Vincent Berger , Benoit Combemale , Natacha Crooks , Ludovic Pailler

A new Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) was recently agreed upon in the European Union (EU). The paper examines and elaborates what new requirements the CRA entails by contrasting it with the older General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jukka Ruohonen , Kalle Hjerppe , Eun-Young Kang

Background: Governments worldwide are considering data privacy regulations. These laws, e.g. the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), require software developers to meet privacy-related requirements when interacting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Lucas Franke , Huayu Liang , Sahar Farzanehpour , Aaron Brantly , James C. Davis , Chris Brown

The adoption of digital contact tracing (DCT) technology during the COVID-19pandemic has shown multiple benefits, including helping to slow the spread of infectious disease and to improve the dissemination of accurate information. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Ananya Gangavarapu , Ellie Daw , Abhishek Singh , Rohan Iyer , Gabriel Harp , Sam Zimmerman , Ramesh Raskar

The General Data Protection Regulation contains a blanket prohibition on the transfer of personal data outside of the European Economic Area unless strict requirements are met. The rationale for this provision is to protect personal data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Paulius Jurcys , Marcelo Corrales Compagnucci , Mark Fenwick