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While supervised learning has enabled great progress in many applications, unsupervised learning has not seen such widespread adoption, and remains an important and challenging endeavor for artificial intelligence. In this work, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Aaron van den Oord , Yazhe Li , Oriol Vinyals

Contrastive learning (CL) methods effectively learn data representations in a self-supervision manner, where the encoder contrasts each positive sample over multiple negative samples via a one-vs-many softmax cross-entropy loss. By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Huangjie Zheng , Xu Chen , Jiangchao Yao , Hongxia Yang , Chunyuan Li , Ya Zhang , Hao Zhang , Ivor Tsang , Jingren Zhou , Mingyuan Zhou

Noise contrastive learning is a popular technique for unsupervised representation learning. In this approach, a representation is obtained via reduction to supervised learning, where given a notion of semantic similarity, the learner tries…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Jordan T. Ash , Surbhi Goel , Akshay Krishnamurthy , Dipendra Misra

Learning discriminative image representations plays a vital role in long-tailed image classification because it can ease the classifier learning in imbalanced cases. Given the promising performance contrastive learning has shown recently in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Peng Wang , Kai Han , Xiu-Shen Wei , Lei Zhang , Lei Wang

Recently, self-supervised representation learning gives further development in multimedia technology. Most existing self-supervised learning methods are applicable to packaged data. However, when it comes to streamed data, they are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Zhiwei Lin , Yongtao Wang , Hongxiang Lin

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success in computer vision tasks such as image classification, segmentation, and object detection. However, they are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which can cause incorrect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Suklav Ghosh , Sonal Kumar , Arijit Sur

Recently, pre-trained transformer-based models have achieved great success in the task of definition generation (DG). However, previous encoder-decoder models lack effective representation learning to contain full semantic components of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Hengyuan Zhang , Dawei Li , Shiping Yang , Yanran Li

Contrastive learning has become pivotal in unsupervised representation learning, with frameworks like Momentum Contrast (MoCo) effectively utilizing large negative sample sets to extract discriminative features. However, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Duy Hoang , Huy Ngo , Khoi Pham , Tri Nguyen , Gia Bao , Huy Phan

With the growing popularity of RAG, the capabilities of embedding models are gaining increasing attention. Embedding models are primarily trained through contrastive loss learning, with negative examples being a key component. Previous work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Shiyu Li , Yang Tang , Shizhe Chen , Xi Chen

Mini-batch stochastic gradient descent and variants thereof have become standard for large-scale empirical risk minimization like the training of neural networks. These methods are usually used with a constant batch size chosen by simple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-29 Lukas Balles , Javier Romero , Philipp Hennig

Current deep learning models for classification tasks in computer vision are trained using mini-batches. In the present article, we take advantage of the relationships between samples in a mini-batch, using graph neural networks to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Arnab Kumar Mondal , Vineet Jain , Kaleem Siddiqi

Contrastive learning allows us to flexibly define powerful losses by contrasting positive pairs from sets of negative samples. Recently, the principle has also been used to learn cross-modal embeddings for video and text, yet without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Mohammadreza Zolfaghari , Yi Zhu , Peter Gehler , Thomas Brox

Unsupervised learning has recently made exceptional progress because of the development of more effective contrastive learning methods. However, CNNs are prone to depend on low-level features that humans deem non-semantic. This dependency…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Songwei Ge , Shlok Mishra , Haohan Wang , Chun-Liang Li , David Jacobs

Standard contrastive learning approaches usually require a large number of negatives for effective unsupervised learning and often exhibit slow convergence. We suspect this behavior is due to the suboptimal selection of negatives used for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Anshul Shah , Suvrit Sra , Rama Chellappa , Anoop Cherian

Contrastive learning is among the most successful methods for visual representation learning, and its performance can be further improved by jointly performing clustering on the learned representations. However, existing methods for joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Shunjie-Fabian Zheng , JaeEun Nam , Emilio Dorigatti , Bernd Bischl , Shekoofeh Azizi , Mina Rezaei

Machine unlearning aims to eliminate the influence of a subset of training samples (i.e., unlearning samples) from a trained model. Effectively and efficiently removing the unlearning samples without negatively impacting the overall model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Hong kyu Lee , Qiuchen Zhang , Carl Yang , Jian Lou , Li Xiong

The use of contrastive loss for representation learning has become prominent in computer vision, and it is now getting attention in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Here, we explore the idea of using a batch-softmax contrastive loss when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Anton Chernyavskiy , Dmitry Ilvovsky , Pavel Kalinin , Preslav Nakov

We propose DisCo-CLIP, a distributed memory-efficient CLIP training approach, to reduce the memory consumption of contrastive loss when training contrastive learning models. Our approach decomposes the contrastive loss and its gradient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Yihao Chen , Xianbiao Qi , Jianan Wang , Lei Zhang

The pursuit of learning robust representations without human supervision is a longstanding challenge. The recent advancements in self-supervised contrastive learning approaches have demonstrated high performance across various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

As a representative self-supervised method, contrastive learning has achieved great successes in unsupervised training of representations. It trains an encoder by distinguishing positive samples from negative ones given query anchors. These…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Xiao Wang , Yuhang Huang , Dan Zeng , Guo-Jun Qi