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Deep learning models have consistently outperformed traditional machine learning models in various classification tasks, including image classification. As such, they have become increasingly prevalent in many real world applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Cong Liao , Haoti Zhong , Anna Squicciarini , Sencun Zhu , David Miller

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have made tremendous progress in the past ten years and have been applied in various critical applications. However, recent studies have shown that deep neural networks are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. By…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Xinrui Liu , Yajie Wang , Yu-an Tan , Kefan Qiu , Yuanzhang Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to the \emph{backdoor attack}, which intends to embed hidden backdoors in DNNs by poisoning training data. The attacked model behaves normally on benign samples, whereas its prediction will be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Yiming Li , Yanjie Li , Yalei Lv , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Backdoor attack against deep neural networks is currently being profoundly investigated due to its severe security consequences. Current state-of-the-art backdoor attacks require the adversary to modify the input, usually by adding a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Ahmed Salem , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Neural code models (NCMs) have been widely used to address various code understanding tasks, such as defect detection. However, numerous recent studies reveal that such models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Backdoored NCMs function…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Weisong Sun , Yuchen Chen , Chunrong Fang , Yebo Feng , Yuan Xiao , An Guo , Quanjun Zhang , Yang Liu , Baowen Xu , Zhenyu Chen

Backdoor attacks pose a significant threat to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as they allow attackers to manipulate model predictions with backdoor triggers. To address these security vulnerabilities, various backdoor purification methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Rui Min , Zeyu Qin , Nevin L. Zhang , Li Shen , Minhao Cheng

Recent work has demonstrated robust mechanisms by which attacks can be orchestrated on machine learning models. In contrast to adversarial examples, backdoor or trojan attacks embed surgically modified samples with targeted labels in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Zhaoyuan Yang , Naresh Iyer , Johan Reimann , Nurali Virani

Pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks, particularly when fine-tuned on large, domain-relevant datasets. However, they remain vulnerable to backdoor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anindya Sundar Das , Kangjie Chen , Monowar Bhuyan

Backdoor attacks, which maliciously control a well-trained model's outputs of the instances with specific triggers, are recently shown to be serious threats to the safety of reusing deep neural networks (DNNs). In this work, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Wenkai Yang , Yankai Lin , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are shown to be vulnerable to backdoor poisoning attacks, with most research focusing on digital triggers -- artificial patterns added to test-time inputs to induce targeted misclassification. Physical triggers,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Thinh Dao , Khoa D Doan , Kok-Seng Wong

The use of unvetted third-party and internet data renders pre-trained models susceptible to backdoor attacks. Detecting backdoor samples is critical to prevent backdoor activation during inference or injection during training. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Zuquan Peng , Jianming Fu , Lixin Zou , Li Zheng , Yanzhen Ren , Guojun Peng

A backdoor deep learning (DL) model behaves normally upon clean inputs but misbehaves upon trigger inputs as the backdoor attacker desires, posing severe consequences to DL model deployments. State-of-the-art defenses are either limited to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Yinshan Li , Hua Ma , Zhi Zhang , Yansong Gao , Alsharif Abuadbba , Anmin Fu , Yifeng Zheng , Said F. Al-Sarawi , Derek Abbott

Recently, backdoor attacks pose a new security threat to the training process of deep neural networks (DNNs). Attackers intend to inject hidden backdoors into DNNs, such that the attacked model performs well on benign samples, whereas its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Yuezun Li , Yiming Li , Baoyuan Wu , Longkang Li , Ran He , Siwei Lyu

Pretrained deep learning model sharing holds tremendous value for researchers and enterprises alike. It allows them to apply deep learning by fine-tuning models at a fraction of the cost of training a brand-new model. However, model sharing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Daniel Gilkarov , Ran Dubin

Multimodal pretrained models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, yet most existing methods rely on visual or multimodal triggers, which are impractical since visually embedded triggers rarely occur in real-world data. To overcome this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yiyang Zhang , Chaojian Yu , Ziming Hong , Yuanjie Shao , Qinmu Peng , Tongliang Liu , Xinge You

Deep speech classification tasks, including keyword spotting and speaker verification, are vital in speech-based human-computer interaction. Recently, the security of these technologies has been revealed to be susceptible to backdoor…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Wenhan Yao , Fen Xiao , Xiarun Chen , Jia Liu , YongQiang He , Weiping Wen

Downstream fine-tuning of vision-language-action (VLA) models enhances robotics, yet exposes the pipeline to backdoor risks. Attackers can pretrain VLAs on poisoned data to implant backdoors that remain stealthy but can trigger harmful…

Recent researches have shown that Large Language Models (LLMs) are susceptible to a security threat known as Backdoor Attack. The backdoored model will behave well in normal cases but exhibit malicious behaviours on inputs inserted with a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yunzhuo Hao , Wenkai Yang , Yankai Lin

The prompt-based learning paradigm, which bridges the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, achieves state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot settings. Despite being widely applied, prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Shuai Zhao , Jinming Wen , Luu Anh Tuan , Junbo Zhao , Jie Fu

Together with impressive advances touching every aspect of our society, AI technology based on Deep Neural Networks (DNN) is bringing increasing security concerns. While attacks operating at test time have monopolised the initial attention…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Wei Guo , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni