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We study the problem of causal structure learning from a combination of observational and interventional data generated by a linear non-Gaussian structural equation model that might contain cycles. Recent results show that using mere…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-05 Ehsan Sharifian , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash

We consider the problem of learning a conditional Gaussian graphical model in the presence of latent variables. Building on recent advances in this field, we suggest a method that decomposes the parameters of a conditional Markov random…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-07 Benjamin Frot , Luke Jostins , Gil McVean

Given data sampled from a number of variables, one is often interested in the underlying causal relationships in the form of a directed acyclic graph. In the general case, without interventions on some of the variables it is only possible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-05 Christopher Nowzohour , Peter Bühlmann

Unobserved confounding is one of the greatest challenges for causal discovery. The case in which unobserved variables have a widespread effect on many of the observed ones is particularly difficult because most pairs of variables are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-26 Alexis Bellot , Mihaela van der Schaar

We consider learning a causal ordering of variables in a linear non-Gaussian acyclic model called LiNGAM. Several existing methods have been shown to consistently estimate a causal ordering assuming that all the model assumptions are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-07-30 Tatsuya Tashiro , Shohei Shimizu , Aapo Hyvarinen , Takashi Washio

We study causal discovery from observational data in linear Gaussian systems affected by \emph{mixed latent confounding}, where some unobserved factors act broadly across many variables while others influence only small subsets. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Amir Asiaee , Samhita Pal , James O'quinn , James P. Long

We consider linear structural equation models with explicitly modelled latent variables. In such models, observed and latent variables solve linear equations including stochastic noise terms. The goal of our work is to identify the direct…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-28 Tom Hochsprung , Nils Sturma , Jakob Runge , Mathias Drton , Andreas Gerhardus

Ordinal variables, such as on the Likert scale, are common in applied research. Yet, existing methods for causal inference tend to target nominal or continuous data. When applied to ordinal data, this fails to account for the inherent…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-26 Martina Scauda , Jack Kuipers , Giusi Moffa

We consider graphical models based on a recursive system of linear structural equations. This implies that there is an ordering, $\sigma$, of the variables such that each observed variable $Y_v$ is a linear function of a variable specific…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-28 Y. Samuel Wang , Mathias Drton

Causal structure learning is a key problem in many domains. Causal structures can be learnt by performing experiments on the system of interest. We address the largely unexplored problem of designing a batch of experiments that each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Scott Sussex , Andreas Krause , Caroline Uhler

The inference of causal relationships using observational data from partially observed multivariate systems with hidden variables is a fundamental question in many scientific domains. Methods extracting causal information from conditional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-13 Daniel Chicharro , Michel Besserve , Stefano Panzeri

Finding the parameters of a latent variable causal model is central to causal inference and causal identification. In this article, we show that existing graphical structures that are used in causal inference are not stable under…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-03 Mehrzad Saremi

Causal structure learning has long been the central task of inferring causal insights from data. Despite the abundance of real-world processes exhibiting higher-order mechanisms, however, an explicit treatment of interactions in causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 James Enouen , Yujia Zheng , Ignavier Ng , Yan Liu , Kun Zhang

We study structure learning for linear Gaussian SEMs in the presence of latent confounding. Existing continuous methods excel when errors are independent, while deconfounding-first pipelines rely on pervasive factor structure or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Samhita Pal , James O'quinn , Kaveh Aryan , Heather Pua , James P. Long , Amir Asiaee

Massive data collection holds the promise of a better understanding of complex phenomena and, ultimately, better decisions. Representation learning has become a key driver of deep learning applications, as it allows learning latent spaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Caroline Uhler , Jiaqi Zhang

Inducing causal relationships from observations is a classic problem in machine learning. Most work in causality starts from the premise that the causal variables themselves are observed. However, for AI agents such as robots trying to make…

Existing methods for differentiable structure learning in discrete data typically assume that the data are generated from specific structural equation models. However, these assumptions may not align with the true data-generating process,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Chang Deng , Bryon Aragam

Constraint-based structure learning algorithms infer the causal structure of multivariate systems from observational data by determining an equivalent class of causal structures compatible with the conditional independencies in the data.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-22 Daniel Chicharro , Stefano Panzeri , Ilya Shpitser

We consider identifiability of partially linear additive structural equation models with Gaussian noise (PLSEMs) and estimation of distributionally equivalent models to a given PLSEM. Thereby, we also include robustness results for errors…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Dominik Rothenhäusler , Jan Ernest , Peter Bühlmann

In this study, we address causal inference when only observational data and a valid causal ordering from the causal graph are available. We introduce a set of flow models that can recover component-wise, invertible transformation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Minh Khoa Le , Kien Do , Truyen Tran
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