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Most existing word embedding approaches do not distinguish the same words in different contexts, therefore ignoring their contextual meanings. As a result, the learned embeddings of these words are usually a mixture of multiple meanings. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-04 Jian Tang , Meng Qu , Qiaozhu Mei

Word embedding is central to neural machine translation (NMT), which has attracted intensive research interest in recent years. In NMT, the source embedding plays the role of the entrance while the target embedding acts as the terminal.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Xuebo Liu , Derek F. Wong , Yang Liu , Lidia S. Chao , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

How related are the representations learned by neural language models, translation models, and language tagging tasks? We answer this question by adapting an encoder-decoder transfer learning method from computer vision to investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Richard Antonello , Javier Turek , Vy Vo , Alexander Huth

Recent artificial neural networks that process natural language achieve unprecedented performance in tasks requiring sentence-level understanding. As such, they could be interesting models of the integration of linguistic information in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Sophie Arana , Jacques Pesnot Lerousseau , Peter Hagoort

Word embeddings have been widely adopted across several NLP applications. Most existing word embedding methods utilize sequential context of a word to learn its embedding. While there have been some attempts at utilizing syntactic context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Shikhar Vashishth , Manik Bhandari , Prateek Yadav , Piyush Rai , Chiranjib Bhattacharyya , Partha Talukdar

Word embeddings and language models have transformed natural language processing (NLP) by facilitating the representation of linguistic elements in continuous vector spaces. This review visits foundational concepts such as the…

Word embeddings, which represent a word as a point in a vector space, have become ubiquitous to several NLP tasks. A recent line of work uses bilingual (two languages) corpora to learn a different vector for each sense of a word, by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-27 Shyam Upadhyay , Kai-Wei Chang , Matt Taddy , Adam Kalai , James Zou

Word embedding models offer continuous vector representations that can capture rich contextual semantics based on their word co-occurrence patterns. While these word vectors can provide very effective features used in many NLP tasks such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Cem Safak Sahin , Rajmonda S. Caceres , Brandon Oselio , William M. Campbell

Data representation is a fundamental task in machine learning. The representation of data affects the performance of the whole machine learning system. In a long history, the representation of data is done by feature engineering, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-21 Siwei Lai

Neural word representations have proven useful in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks due to their ability to efficiently model complex semantic and syntactic word relationships. However, most techniques model only one representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Andrew Trask , Phil Michalak , John Liu

We present a family of neural-network--inspired models for computing continuous word representations, specifically designed to exploit both monolingual and multilingual text. This framework allows us to perform unsupervised training of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-15 Radu Soricut , Nan Ding

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems commonly leverage bag-of-words co-occurrence techniques to capture semantic and syntactic word relationships. The resulting word-level distributed representations often ignore morphological…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-12 Andrew Trask , David Gilmore , Matthew Russell

Word Representations form the core component for almost all advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as text mining, question-answering, and text summarization, etc. Over the last two decades, immense research is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Shree Charran R , Rahul Kumar Dubey

Learning representations of words in a continuous space is perhaps the most fundamental task in NLP, however words interact in ways much richer than vector dot product similarity can provide. Many relationships between words can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Shib Sankar Dasgupta , Michael Boratko , Siddhartha Mishra , Shriya Atmakuri , Dhruvesh Patel , Xiang Lorraine Li , Andrew McCallum

Word embedding, which refers to low-dimensional dense vector representations of natural words, has demonstrated its power in many natural language processing tasks. However, it may suffer from the inaccurate and incomplete information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Fei Tian , Bin Gao , Enhong Chen , Tie-Yan Liu

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks tend to suffer from a paucity of suitably annotated training data, hence the recent success of transfer learning across a wide variety of them. The typical recipe involves: (i) training a deep,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Lyan Verwimp , Jerome R. Bellegarda

The meaning of a word often varies depending on its usage in different domains. The standard word embedding models struggle to represent this variation, as they learn a single global representation for a word. We propose a method to learn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Lahari Poddar , Gyorgy Szarvas , Lea Frermann

Neural network based models are a very powerful tool for creating word embeddings, the objective of these models is to group similar words together. These embeddings have been used as features to improve results in various applications such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-27 Salman Mahmood , Rami Al-Rfou , Klaus Mueller

Word embedding methods revolve around learning continuous distributed vector representations of words with neural networks, which can capture semantic and/or syntactic cues, and in turn be used to induce similarity measures among words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-07-25 Kuan-Yu Chen , Shih-Hung Liu , Berlin Chen , Hsin-Min Wang , Hsin-Hsi Chen

Continuous word representation (aka word embedding) is a basic building block in many neural network-based models used in natural language processing tasks. Although it is widely accepted that words with similar semantics should be close to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Chengyue Gong , Di He , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu