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This paper presents a novel envelope based model predictive control (MPC) framework designed to enable autonomous vehicles to handle high performance driving across a wide range of scenarios without a predefined reference. In high…

Autonomous Driving is now the promising future of transportation. As one basis for autonomous driving, High Definition Map (HD map) provides high-precision descriptions of the environment, therefore it enables more accurate perception and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Jinliang Xie , Jie Tang , Shaoshan Liu

High Definition (HD) maps are necessary for many applications of automated driving (AD), but their manual creation and maintenance is very costly. Vehicle fleet data from series production vehicles can be used to automatically generate HD…

While High Definition (HD) Maps have long been favored for their precise depictions of static road elements, their accessibility constraints and susceptibility to rapid environmental changes impede the widespread deployment of autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Jing-Yan Liao , Parth Doshi , Zihan Zhang , David Paz , Henrik Christensen

Autonomous vehicles demand detailed maps to maneuver reliably through traffic, which need to be kept up-to-date to ensure a safe operation. A promising way to adapt the maps to the ever-changing road-network is to use crowd-sourced data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Markus Herb , Nassir Navab , Federico Tombari

High-definition maps (HD maps) are detailed and informative maps capturing lane centerlines and road elements. Although very useful for autonomous driving, HD maps are costly to build and maintain. Furthermore, access to these high-quality…

High-definition (HD) maps provide essential semantic information of road structures for autonomous driving systems, yet current HD map construction methods require calibrated multi-camera setups and either implicit or explicit 2D-to-BEV…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Run Wang , Chaoyi Zhou , Amir Salarpour , Xi Liu , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Feng Luo , Mert D. Pesé , Siyu Huang

In autonomous driving, high-definition (HD) maps and semantic maps in bird's-eye view (BEV) are essential for accurate localization, planning, and decision-making. This paper introduces an enhanced End-to-End model named MapFM for online…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Leonid Ivanov , Vasily Yuryev , Dmitry Yudin

While supervised learning is widely used for perception modules in conventional autonomous driving solutions, scalability is hindered by the huge amount of data labeling needed. In contrast, while end-to-end architectures do not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Elmira Amirloo , Mohsen Rohani , Ershad Banijamali , Jun Luo , Pascal Poupart

Autonomous vehicles rely on HD maps for their operation, but offline HD maps eventually become outdated. For this reason, online HD map construction methods use live sensor data to infer map information instead. Research on real map changes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Fabian Immel , Richard Fehler , Frank Bieder , Jan-Hendrik Pauls , Christoph Stiller

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly being adopted for end-to-end autonomous driving systems due to their exceptional performance in handling long-tail scenarios. However, current VLM-based approaches suffer from two major…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuqi Ye , Zijian Zhang , Junhong Lin , Shangkun Sun , Changhao Peng , Wei Gao

In recent years, end-to-end autonomous driving has attracted increasing attention for its ability to jointly model perception, prediction, and planning within a unified framework. However, most existing approaches underutilize the online…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Huilin Yin , Yiming Kan , Daniel Watzenig

Inspired by the fact that humans use diverse sensory organs to perceive the world, sensors with different modalities are deployed in end-to-end driving to obtain the global context of the 3D scene. In previous works, camera and LiDAR inputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Qingwen Zhang , Mingkai Tang , Ruoyu Geng , Feiyi Chen , Ren Xin , Lujia Wang

Autonomous driving has traditionally relied heavily on costly and labor-intensive High Definition (HD) maps, hindering scalability. In contrast, Standard Definition (SD) maps are more affordable and have worldwide coverage, offering a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Katie Z Luo , Xinshuo Weng , Yan Wang , Shuang Wu , Jie Li , Kilian Q Weinberger , Yue Wang , Marco Pavone

Building and maintaining High-Definition (HD) maps represents a large barrier to autonomous vehicle deployment. This, along with advances in modern online map detection models, has sparked renewed interest in the online mapping problem.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Samuel M. Bateman , Ning Xu , H. Charles Zhao , Yael Ben Shalom , Vince Gong , Greg Long , Will Maddern

In the classical context of robotic mapping and localization, map matching is typically defined as the task of finding a rigid transformation (i.e., 3DOF rotation/translation on the 2D moving plane) that aligns the query and reference maps…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Kanji Tanaka

High-definition (HD) maps play a crucial role in autonomous driving systems. Recent methods have attempted to construct HD maps in real-time using vehicle onboard sensors. Due to the inherent limitations of onboard sensors, which include…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Wenjie Gao , Jiawei Fu , Yanqing Shen , Haodong Jing , Shitao Chen , Nanning Zheng

High-definition road maps play a crucial role in the functionality and verification of highly automated driving functions. These contain precise information about the road network, geometry, condition, as well as traffic signs. Despite…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Leon Eisemann , Johannes Maucher

High-Definition Maps (HD maps) are essential for the precise navigation and decision-making of autonomous vehicles, yet their creation and upkeep present significant cost and timeliness challenges. The online construction of HD maps using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shuang Zeng , Xinyuan Chang , Xinran Liu , Yujian Yuan , Shiyi Liang , Zheng Pan , Mu Xu , Xing Wei

High definition (HD) maps have demonstrated their essential roles in enabling full autonomy, especially in complex urban scenarios. As a crucial layer of the HD map, lane-level maps are particularly useful: they contain geometrical and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Yiyang Zhou , Yuichi Takeda , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Wei Zhan