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Across many scientific fields, measurements often represent the number of times an event occurs. For example, a document can be represented by word occurrence counts, neural activity by spike counts per time window, or online communication…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-21 Noga Mudrik , Adam S. Charles

Manifold visualisation techniques are commonly used to visualise high-dimensional datasets in physical sciences. In this paper we apply a recently introduced manifold visualisation method, called Slise, on datasets from physics and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Lauri Seppäläinen , Anton Björklund , Vitus Besel , Kai Puolamäki

Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) is a nonlinear spectral dimensionality reduction and manifold learning method. It has two main steps which are linear reconstruction and linear embedding of points in the input space and embedding space,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-06 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

Modern machine learning increasingly leverages the insight that high-dimensional data often lie near low-dimensional, non-linear manifolds, an idea known as the manifold hypothesis. By explicitly modeling the geometric structure of data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Willem Diepeveen , Deanna Needell

Recent research has found that knowledge distillation can be effective in reducing the size of a network and in increasing generalization. A pre-trained, large teacher network, for example, was shown to be able to bootstrap a student model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Hyun Seung Lee , Christian Wallraven

Neighbor embeddings are a family of methods for visualizing complex high-dimensional datasets using $k$NN graphs. To find the low-dimensional embedding, these algorithms combine an attractive force between neighboring pairs of points with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Jan Niklas Böhm , Philipp Berens , Dmitry Kobak

Dense retrieval has achieved impressive advances in first-stage retrieval from a large-scale document collection, which is built on bi-encoder architecture to produce single vector representation of query and document. However, a document…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Shunyu Zhang , Yaobo Liang , Ming Gong , Daxin Jiang , Nan Duan

Spectral Clustering is a popular technique to split data points into groups, especially for complex datasets. The algorithms in the Spectral Clustering family typically consist of multiple separate stages (such as similarity matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Yifei Wang , Rui Liu , Yong Chen , Hui Zhangs , Zhiwen Ye

Hyperspectral Imagery (and Remote Sensing in general) captured from UAVs or satellites are highly voluminous in nature due to the large spatial extent and wavelengths captured by them. Since analyzing these images requires a huge amount of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Megh Shukla , Biplab Banerjee , Krishna Mohan Buddhiraju

Multidimensional scaling visualizes dissimilarities among objects and reduces data dimensionality. While many methods address symmetric proximity data, asymmetric and especially three-way proximity data (capturing relationships across…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-21 Aleix Alcacer , Rafael Benitez , Vicente J. Bolos , Irene Epifanio

Analyzing high-dimensional data presents challenges due to the "curse of dimensionality'', making computations intensive. Dimension reduction techniques, categorized as linear or non-linear, simplify such data. Non-linear methods are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-15 Praveen T. W. Hettige , Benjamin W. Ong

We study the problem of visualizing large-scale and high-dimensional data in a low-dimensional (typically 2D or 3D) space. Much success has been reported recently by techniques that first compute a similarity structure of the data points…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Jian Tang , Jingzhou Liu , Ming Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei

Learning the manifold structure of remote sensing images is of paramount relevance for modeling and understanding processes, as well as to encapsulate the high dimensionality in a reduced set of informative features for subsequent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Gulsen Taskin , Gustau Camps-Valls

t-SNE is a popular tool for embedding multi-dimensional datasets into two or three dimensions. However, it has a large computational cost, especially when the input data has many dimensions. Many use t-SNE to embed the output of a neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Rikhav Shah , Sandeep Silwal

We present Low Distortion Local Eigenmaps (LDLE), a manifold learning technique which constructs a set of low distortion local views of a dataset in lower dimension and registers them to obtain a global embedding. The local views are…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Dhruv Kohli , Alexander Cloninger , Gal Mishne

We present S+t-SNE, an adaptation of the t-SNE algorithm designed to handle infinite data streams. The core idea behind S+t-SNE is to update the t-SNE embedding incrementally as new data arrives, ensuring scalability and adaptability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Pedro C. Vieira , João P. Montrezol , João T. Vieira , João Gama

t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is one of the most widely used dimensionality reduction methods for data visualization, but it has a perplexity hyperparameter that requires manual selection. In practice, proper tuning of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Yanshuai Cao , Luyu Wang

Recent advances in machine learning allow us to analyze and describe the content of high-dimensional data like text, audio, images or other signals. In order to visualize that data in 2D or 3D, usually Dimensionality Reduction (DR)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Dimitris Spathis , Nikolaos Passalis , Anastasios Tefas

Dimensionality reduction methods such as t-SNE are designed to preserve local neighborhood structure but do not explicitly account for how probability mass is distributed, often leading to distortions of data density. We reformulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Maksim Kazanskii

Most existing Heterogeneous Information Network (HIN) embedding methods focus on static environments while neglecting the evolving characteristic of realworld networks. Although several dynamic embedding methods have been proposed, they are…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Zhenghao Zhang , Jianbin Huang , Qinglin Tan